Latin on Ty Scales

Bishops of Makarska, 1320-1731

Fri, 30 Oct 2026 16:56:57 -0700

This is part 42 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Makarska is a coastal town about 38 miles south of Split. In Farlati’s day the city had greatly diminished in size from years of Ottoman occupation. The diocese was established in 533 at the second council of Salona by Archbishop Honorius III. A priest from Salona, Stephan, was appointed the first bishop. However, mentions of the diocese outside this council are absent until the 14th century, when the diocese was restored by Peter IX.

Bishops of Duvno, 1337-1654

Thu, 22 Oct 2026 19:56:28 -0700

This is part 41 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Duvno was located 60 miles east of Split, in what is now modern day Tomislavgrad, Bosnia. It was historically known as Delminium and later dumnenses. Strabo writes that it was a large city which the Illyrian Dalmatae tribe derived their name from. The Romans captured and destroyed Delminium in 155 BC, and it remained scarecly populated afterwards.

Thomas the Archdeacon, writing in the 13th century, says that walls of the ancient city were still existent in his day. He cites an inscription that stated Germanus of Capua consecrated a church while passing through to constantinople in 519. He puts the establishment of the diocese in the 7th century, after the migration of the population from Salona to Spalato, and John of Ravenna’s travels through the area. Farlati suggests that the 6th century diocese of Mactaris originally encompassed Delminium¹.

Bishops of Otočac, 1460-1520

Sun, 18 Oct 2026 14:22:55 -0700

This is part 40 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Otočac sat inland and southeast of the diocese of Senj. Its status as a diocese was rather short. With only 4 known bishops before its surpression. Farlati finds in a geneaology of the Frankopan family that the diocese was established in 1461 by Sigismund Frankopan at the Church of St. Nicholas.

Blasius (1460-1492)

Farlati saw his primary function as administering the church of Spalato at a time when the Archbishops did not spend their time in Split. This continued until around 1483, at which point Archbishop Batholomew employed the services of his own vicar general.

Bishops of Senj

Sun, 18 Oct 2026 00:51:13 -0700

This is part 39 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

After Modruš fell to the Ottoman’s, The nearby coastal town of Senj took over administrative duties for the region. Farlati appends their history of bishops, which started in the year 1150. According to Thomas the Archdeacon, the region was originally apart of the Diocese of Krk.

Miraeus (~1150)

The earliest known bishop of Senj. When the diocese was established in the 12th century, it was placed under the administration of Spalato. Around this time Zadar was elevated to an Archdiocese and Miraeus began to show favor toward Archbishop Lampridius. Gergard, Archbishop of Spalato, appealed to Pope Alexander III. Alexander wrote to Miraeus ordering him to submit to the Archdiocese of Spalato. He was later involved in a territorial dispute with the bishop of Nin, which was resolved by Archbishop Rayner. He attended the regional synod in Spalato in 1185. His deeds afterward or when he died is unknown.

Bishops of Modruš, 1461-1560

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 15:44:48 -0700

This is part 38 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Modruš is about 75 miles northwest of krbava and inland from the coastal town of Senj. It may be the area that Ptolemy referred to as Tediastum in his work Geographia. The town sits below Tržan Castle.

The diocese was established after krbava was surpressed due to Ottoman invasions. The Ottoman’s eventually captured and destroyed Modruš too, and the administration of the church was undertaken by the diocese of Senj. Farlati says in his time the city contained only a few houses. He includes a report from Filippo Riceputi’s visit to the region.

Bishops of Krbava, 1185-1457

Sat, 26 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This is part 37 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

The Diocese was established for the mountainous region northwest of Spalato by bishop Peter VII in 1185 and approved by Pope Urban III.

Matthaeus (1185)

Thomas the Archdeacon writes that he was a canon of the church in Spalato. He was requested by the clergy of the province who came to the council in 1185. He was bishop for 40 years. The acts described of him are local in nature. He is listed as a witness to a charter by Duke Andrew in 1198, and judged a disputed between the clergies of Trogir and Šibenik.

Bishops of Bosnia

Sun, 16 Aug 2026 10:51:32 -0700

This is part 36 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

The early history of the Church in Bosnia is uncertain. Farlati suggests based on the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja that its jurisdiction originally fell under the Metropolitan of Split. More reliable documents point to the Church being under the Archdiocese of Bar, Montenegro in the 11th century and then Dubrovnik in the 12th. By the 13th century, the church became independent of Papal authority. Bosnia expanded greatly in the 14th century under Stephen II and his successor Tvrtko. In the 15th century, the Ottomans invaded, and had complete control by 1463. At the time of Farlati’s publication in 1769, Bosnia was still under Ottoman control.

Bishops of Biograd and Skradin

Sun, 02 Aug 2026 18:57:02 -0700

This is part 35 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

These are the bishops of Biograd na Moru, and later Skradin after the city was destroyed in 1225 and the population move there. Farkati develops his list in part from the work of Valerije Ponte, an Archdeacon in Zadar. Many of the entries are short, with some only known by name due to a single reference in a document.

Illyricum Sacrum Volume III Table of Contents

Sun, 26 Jul 2026 13:34:00 -0700

A translation of the table of contents for volume III of Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum, along with some notes. This covers the bishops of Spalato from the 7th Century up to the year of publication, 1765.

The Church of Spalato

The City and Church of Split. 1

1. The City. 1.

Origin, Location, and Description of Spalato.
On the civil state and various governments of the Spalatinas.

Notes on the City

Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, later echoed by Thomas the Archdeacon and Micha Madius, say the City was called Spalatum as an abbreviation for the Latin Salonae Palatium, after the palace that Diocletian built there. The city however was observed to be much older than the Palace, originally being a Greek Colony.
Governments: Spalato was subject to several different rulers in the coming centuries: Byzantine, Franks, Venetians, and Hungarians.

2. The church of Spalato. 9.

On the Metropolitan and Primatial Law of the Church of Spalato.
On the Diocesan Law of the Church of Spalato.
About the Chapter of Spalato.

John of Ravenna, first Archbishop of Spalat. 19.

1. Excerpts concerning John, the first Archbishop of Spalatum. 19.

From the Episcopal Catalogues.
From Chapter 11 of Thomas the Archdeacon’s Historia Salonitana .

2. Acts of John before the Pontificate. 20.

Fatherland, ancestors, recruitment into the Roman clergy.
At what time, and on what matters, was John sent as an ambassador to Dalmatia?
John performed the Dalmatian Legation with distinction, and was elected the first Archbishop of Split.
John is consecrated Bishop in Rome, given the pallium, and, increased in title and power as Primate, returns to Split.

3. Acts of John, Archbishop of Spalato, up to the Baptism of the Slavs. 27.

Which John did brilliantly at the beginning of the Pontificate.
Dedication of the Temple of Diocletian.
John brought the bodies of the Holy Fathers Domnius and Anastasius, who had been transferred from Salona to Spalat, into the Metropolitan Church.
John surveys his Parish and Province according to the Apostolic and Episcopal rite.

4. On the Baptism of Croats and Serbs. 33.

On the first baptism of the Croats.
On the first baptism of the Serbs.
On the Second and Third Baptisms of the Slavs.

5. The rest of John’s deeds, death, and tomb. 40.

The last ten years of the Pontificate of Spalato.
On the death, sepulcher, and sepulchral inscription of John.
After 1200 years, the body of John, the first Bishop of Spalato, was discovered and found to be intact.

Notes on John

Primary source is Thomas the archdeacon’s Historiae Salonitanae
Farlati associates him with the 7th century Christianization of the croats and serbs mentioned by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
He was buried in the church of St. Matthew in Split. His tomb was rediscovered in 1700. Jerome Bernard spoke with witnesses of the discovery in 1724 who stated that his body was found incorrupt.

Peter, Marianus, Martin, Forminus, Gregorius, and other Archbishops of Spalato. 45.

Peter II., Leo, Ursus, 15th, 16th and 17th Archbishops of Spalato. 46.

Peter III. 18th Archbishop of Spalato. 47.

1. On the second Baptism of the Slavs. 47.

The Croats overthrow the Frankish empire and decide to embrace the Christian faith.
The Croats summon the priests from the city to be baptized according to the rite.

2. Peter, Archbishop of Spalato, wins for himself and for the Church the favor and benevolence of the Croatian Dukes. 49.

The will of the Duke of Mislav, the Croats, towards Peter and the Church of the Holy Lord, is favorable and strong.
Duke Tirpimiri’s excellent devotion towards Peter, and his singular generosity towards the Church of Spalato.

Notes on Peter III.

Mentioned in the Trpimir charter. A controversial document That includes the earliest reference of the Croatian people.

Justin I. 19th Archbishop of Spalato. 55

George II. 20th Archbishop of Spalato. 56.

1. On the Third baptism of the Slavs. 56.

First the Serbs, then the Narentines, embrace the Christian religion.
Whether the conversion of the Serbs and the Narentians is to be attributed to Cyril, and Methodius to the Apostles of the Slavs.
On the Dalmatian Apostolate of Cyril and Methodius, and the Serbs who were converted to the worship of Christ.
On the Conversion of the Narentines, and the Council of Dalmatia, and also on Pavlimir, King of the Serbs.

2. The defection of the Dalmatians from the Roman Patriarch. 71.

The cause of the Dalmatic defection must be attributed to the Oracles.
The Dalmatians and Chrobates fail under the pressure of Basil and Photius from the Roman Patriarch.

Notes on George II.

According to Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, the Narentines occupied the territory south of split, and derived their name from the Neretva river.
Pavlimir Belo, a legendary king mentioned in the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja.

Marinus, 21st Archbishop of Spalato. 76.

The return of the Croats to the Roman Patriarch.
The Dalmatians resisted the Papal letters and warnings for some time. Letter of John VIII to the Bishops, Clergy, and People of Dalmatia.
The Dalmatians obey neither the exhortations nor the commands of the Pope; and Marinus is consecrated by the Patriarch of Aquileia.
The Dalmatians finally came to their senses and returned to their former obedience to the Roman Patriarch.

notes on Marinus.

Farati inserts John VIII’s letter urging the Salonans urging that the election of their next Archbishop should be consecrated by the Roman church.

Theodore II and Leo II, 22nd and 23rd Archbishops of Spalato. 80.

Peter IV. 24th Archbishop of Spalato. 81.

Notes on Peter IV.

Mentioned in the Muncimir Charter, a document that affirmed the the earlier Trpimir charter.

Justin II. 25th Archbishop of Spalato. 84.

John III. 26th Archbishop of Spalato. 84.

1. The National Council of Split. 87.

The reasons for the necessity of a council are explained.
The Bishops of Dalmatia, the Dukes of the Croats and Serbs, and the Priors of both nations request legates from the Apostolic See to settle controversies that pertained either to faith and religion or to ecclesiastical rite and discipline.
Epistle of John X. Pope to John III, Archbishop of Spalato, Bishop of the province of Spalato.
Letter of Pope John X to Tamislav, Duke of Croatia, and Michael, Duke of Chelm, to the Bishops, Priests, Nobles, and the People of Slavonia and Dalmatia.
Decrees of the National Council of Spalato.

2. The Dalmatian controversy over ecclesiastical jurisdiction was dragged out by the contentions of both parties for several years, and was finally settled at the second synod of Spalato by the authority and opinion of the Apostolic Legate Madalbert. 101.

Letter of Pope John X to John, Archbishop of Spalato and the Bishops of the province of Spalato.
Madalbert, Legate of the Apostolic See, having convened a Council, adjudicated the case to the Archbishop of Spalato, and restored and described to each diocese its ancient boundaries.
Leo VI confirms the acts and decrees of Madalbert, sends the Pallium to Metropolitan John, and letters to the Bishops of Dalmatia.
John III, Metropolitan of Spalato, increased the title of Primate by the addition of Chrobatia.

Notes on John III

Only 1 source that the 10th century councils happened. An extended edition of Thomas the Archdeacon’s Historiae Salonitanae, additions which do not appear in the oldest copies.
The first council was primarily concerned the use of Slavonic in mass, and ended with a rule to use Latin in mass.
The council also concluded that Spalato held the primacy due to its association with Saint Domnius.
Gregory of Nin contested the results, a second council was held. the primacy of Spalato was upheld and Gregory was transferred to be the bishop of Scardona.
4 Papal letters associated with the councils: 3 from John X, 1 from Leo VI. There existence again only known from the Historiae Salonitanae. John writes to Duke Tamislav and Michael of Zahumlje encouraging the use of Latin in mass. He writes to John III concerning the same. After the first council, he writes encouraging John and Gregory to come to Rome to settle their dispute. No record exists that they ever went.
The second council is held to address the protest of Gregory of Nin. The results of the original council are upheld.
Leo VI becomes pope after John X dies. Leo writes a letter confirming the results of the second council and ordered Gregory transferred to be bishop of Scardona.

Fruntinianus, 27th Archbishop of Spalato. 109.

Martin III. 28th Archbishop of Spalato. 109.

Notes on Martin III.

The Pincius diploma alleges that the church of Michael the Archangel was dedicated to Martin. Thomas the Archdeacon mentions Martin in HIstoria Salonitana but not the diploma.

Peter V, 29th Archbishop of Spalato. 115.

Paul, 30th Archbishop of Spalato. 116.

Notes on Paul

He appears to have been the son of a Rector of the city.

Dabralis, 31st Archbishop of Spalato. 119.

1. The Church of Antibar, having been removed from the Metropolis of Spalato, is increased in title and right to the Metropolitan. 119

Why was the Metropolis of the Church of Antibar established in Dalmatia?
Description of the Province of Antibes and Spalato

2. Dabralis is deprived of the honor and administration of the episcopate for his crimes. 124.

The life and morals of Dabralis are utterly unworthy of the episcopal name and holiness.
Dabralis, condemned for lying to the Apostolic Legate, is forced into order.
On the successor of Dabralis

Notes on Dabralis

According to Thomas the Archdeacon, there was a regional council held in Spalato, but several bishops from the farther regions perished in a ship wreck. Antibar was made a metropolis in order that the bishops did not need to travel as far.
Dabralis had a wife and children and was stripped of his chair.

John IV. 32nd Archbishop of Spalato. 127.

The liturgy and the Slavonic language were again proscribed.
John IV. abdicates the pontificate. Laurentius is elevated from Absarenos to the See of Spalato.

Notes on John IV.

Thomas the Archdeacon says that he built the Church of Saint Felix.
A council in Spalato was said to be held where Slavonic was reintroduced. The records have not survived.

Lawrence, 33rd Archbishop of Spalato. 131.

1. Ecclesiastical Affairs of Spalat from 1060 to 1070. 134.

Lawrence illuminated the beginnings and progress of his Pontificate with outstanding virtues and deeds.
The Schism of the Croats.
Cardinal John, Apostolic Legate, sent to Dalmatia to extinguish the Schism.
King Krešimir, at the instigation of Laurentius, bestowed much on the Monasteries of the Church. Laurentius founded the Monastery of the Virgins of Spalat.

2. On the affairs of the Church of Spalato from the year 1070 to 1080. 140.

Two Councils, one at Adrianople, over which Laurentius presided, the other at Spalato, over which Gerard, the Apostolic Legate, presided.
Zvonimir, having gained possession of the lands in Croatia, by the hand of Archbishop Lawrence, demanded the title of King and the insignia from Gregory VII., and received them from his legates; he bound the kingdom by a special bond of faith, and by the law of tribute to the Apostolic See..
Zvonimir, King of Croatia and Dalmatia, adorns and increases the Church of Spalat with large diplomatic missions and gifts.
On the controversy between the bishops of Spalat and Regus

3. The Ecclesiastical History of Spalato from the year 1080 to 1100. 154.

Lawrence consecrated the Church of St. Peter in Selle, handed over the city church and the Church of St. Michael to the monks of St. Stephen. Zvonimir increased the ecclesiastical and monastic life with new benefactions and income.
Zvonimir, King of Croatia, dies. Stephen II ascends to the Kingdom. He grants two licenses, one to the Holy Virgins, the other to the Benedictine Monks of Spalato.
Lawrence confirms the judgment of the Bishop and Prior of Zadar according to Vekenega, a nun of the Zadar monastery.
Death of Lawrence, funeral, burial inscription.

Crescentius, 34th Archbishop of Spalato. 160.

1. The first six years of Crescentius, Archbishop of Spalato. 161.

He received the Pontifical pallium sent by Paschal II, and consecrated two suffrage bishops.
Crescentius rendered devoted service to the Apostolic Legate who was inspecting the province. He opened and identified the body of St. Domnius. He obtained from Colomanus the most extensive privilege for the Church of Spalato.
Archbishop Crescentius obtained the most favorable terms of surrender from King Colomanus.

The last six years of Crescentius Archbishop of Spalato. 165.

Two Provincial Councils were held under Archbishop Crecentius.
Death, burial, inscription of Archbishop Crescentius

Notes on Crescentius

Farlati publishes a letter from Paschal II confirming Crescentius.
The Hungarian King Coloman invaded Croatia at the beginning of the 12th century. Farlati publishes a diploma purported to be from him, confirming the property of the church, just like the Croatian kings had been said to have done before.

Manasses, 35th Archbishop of Spalato. 168.

Notes on Manasses

Thomas the Archdeacon says he was a native hungarian. He conspired with a certain Duke to have the city plundered, but the plot was foiled. Manasses left the city and never returned.

Pontifical Interregnum at Spalato. 170.

Gregory Elected Archbishop of Spalato. 171.

Notes on Gregory

Mentioned briefly by Thomas the Archdeacon. He was elected but died before he could take office.

Gaudius, 36th Archbishop of Spalato. 171.

1. The benefactions of the kings of Hungary bestowed upon Archbishop Gaudium and the church of Spalato. 172.

Gaudius receives consecration from the Archbishop of Strygon. He is rebuked by Pope Innocent for this, but at the request of King Bela he grants him pardon and the pallium.
Privileges granted to Géza II, King of Hungary, to the Church and the city of Spalato.
A meeting was held between the Canons of St. Domnius and the Monks of St. Stephen, with M. Henry, legate of Eugenius III, as arbitrator and mediator.

2. Reduction of the Province to the Dioceses of Spalato. 175.

The Church of Zadar, torn from its Metropolis, is granted the title and right of Metropolitan.
The Diocese of Spalatum has been reduced by the separation of the two provinces.

3. The remaining acts of Gaudius Archbishop of Spalato . 177.

Gaudius is satisfied and declares that nothing should be contributed by the clergy to the Archbishop when he goes to the sacred threshold.
Two Privileges of Geza the king of Hungary to Gaudius and the Church of Spalato.
Gaudius is deprived of the Pontifical office because the Bishop of Tragurion was not properly consecrated.

Notes on Gaudius

Farlati publishes a letter from Pope Innocent II, saying that Gaudius was incorrectly consecrated by the Archbishop of Strygon, but that the Hungarian king Bela has interceded on his behalf.
Diplomas from Bela’s son, Géza II, are presented, confirming the donations of previous kings, and also granting various political immunities to Spalato.
During his time, Zadar became a metropolitan, reducing Spalato’s influence.
He was deprived of his office for not properly following precedure to consecrate the Bishop of Trogir.

Absalon, 37th Archbishop of Spalato. 180.

Notes on Absalon

Absalon replaced Gaudius. He was a native Hungarian and was reportedly favored by the Hungarian king.
During his tenure, Alexander III became pope in a disputed election. Victor IV was elected antipope. Farlati records that Alexander sent legates to Dalmatia, and that Absalon was a supporter of his.
While spending a prolonged time at the courts of the Hungarian king, Absalon writes to Spalato to address his prolonged absence.
Farlati publishes a letter from Alexander III written to the Archbishop Lamprodius of Zadar concerning a law passed in Salona that had prohibited the sale of gifting of property to the church.

Peter VI Lombard. 38th Archbishop of Spalato. 182.

The Transfer of Peter from the Church of Narnia to the Metropolis of Spalato.
On the second epistle of Alexander to Peter, Archbishop of Spalato.
The benevolence and liberality of Stephen III, King of Hungary, towards Archbishop Peter and the Church of St. Domnius.
Sentence of Archbishop Peter according to the Benedictine Virgins of the Monastery of St. Thomas at Belgrade.
Epistle of Alexander III to Peter.
Peter advances into Hungary, and when he reaches Alba, he is seized with a fatal disease and dies a martyr’s death.

Notes On Peter VI

He shares a name, and lived at the same time as the famous theologian and bishop of Paris: Peter Lombard.
Thomas the archdeacon writes that he was previously the bishop of Narni in Italy.
A letter from Alexander III to Spalato informing them of Peter’s election to the archbishopric is published by Farlati.
Stephen III becomes King of Hungary. Farlati publishes a diploma from Stephen, similar in character to the diploma’s previously published.
Peter settles a property dispute over the land at Mocran, originally said to have been granted to the monastery by king Krešimir in 1066. He upholds the monastery as the rightful owners of the land. Farlati publishes the sentence issued, which he found in a manuscript: Membranaceo Privilegiorum Monasterii Belgradensis S. Joannis Evangelistae.
Peter corresponds with Alexander III in 1166. Alexander writes him a letter praising his devotion and encouraging him in his faith.
Alba, modern day Székesfehérvár, Hungary.

Cardinal Albert De Mora elected Archbishop of Spalato. 187.

Notes on Albert De Mora

The primary source comes from Thomas the Archdeacon. Albert, a papal legate, spent time in Dalmatia and became popular in Spalato. He was elected as the next Archbishop. A Count from the city named John raised opposition against him. To appease the people, Albert chose not to accept the election and left the city.
Farlati includes a letter from Alexander III, asking him not to accept the election.
20 years later. Albert would be elected Pope Gregory VIII.

Gerard, 39th Archbishop of Spalato. 189.

1. Epistles of Alexander III, either written to Gerard, Archbishop of Spalato, or pertaining to. 189.

First letter of Pope Alexander to Gerard, Archbishop of Spalato.
Second letter to Gerard.
Third letter to Gerard.
Fourth letter to Gerard.
Fifth letter to the Spalato chapter.

2. Gerard is transferred to the Metropolitanate of Sipontina, and is ordered to retain the administration of the Church of Spalatina. 191.

The cause of certain matters is being investigated at the Apostolic See
Gerard accepted the archbishopric of Sipontin, without dismissing that of Spalato.

Saint Raynerius, 40th Archbishop of Spalato. 194.

1. The Life of Rayner before the Spalaten Pontificate. 194.

A monk of the Benedictine Order becomes Bishop of Cagli.
Raynerius was transferred from Callien to the Church of Spalat in 1775. He received the pallium when Alexander III gave it to him. He set out for Ravenna, entrusted with the silver furnishings of the Canonry of S. Maria in the Port, and boarded a ship. He arrived in Spalat to the great joy and congratulations of all. He diligently devoted himself to correcting the morals of the clergy and the people.

2. The Acts of Rayner during the Spalatan Pontificate. 195.

Letter of a Member of the Canon from Bologna to Rayner.
Raynerius settles the controversy between the bishops of Nonna and Senj.
Some Dalmatian monuments.
Raynerius, having learned of Alexander III’s landing at the island of Issa, and intending to approach the Pope for reasons of duty and honor, crossed there.
Alexander III’s letter to Rayner of Spalato and Michael Of Traguris
Alexander sends Raymond of Capella as ambassador to Dalmatia with letters to Raynerius.
Matthew of Nona’s epistle to Raynerius.
Letter of Gregory, Metropolitan of Bar, to Rayner, Archbishop of Spalato.
On the title of Legate of the Apostolic See, which Alexander in his letters attributes to Gerard and Rayner, Archbishops of Spalato.
Raynerius invites the Provincial bishops to the Third Lateran Council and travels with them to Rome.
On the Constantinople Legation of Archbishop Raynerius

3. Martyrdom and cult of Saint Rayner, Archbishop of Spalato. 204.

For Christ and the Church he faced a glorious death.
The sanctity of both Rayners’ life and death was proven by divine testimonies.
On the multiple translation and tomb of Rayner.
On the Cult of Saint Rayner.

Papal Interregnum of Spalato. 211.

Theobald, sent as an ambassador to Dalmatia by Alexander III, adjudicates the Church of Pharos to the Metropolis of Spalato.
Letter of Alexander III to Béla III, King of Hungary

Peter VII, 41st Archbishop of Spalato. 213.

Provincial Council of Spalato.
Comments on the Provincial Council.
Pope Urban III confirms the decrees of the Provincial Council of Spalato, and grants the power of preference to Peter the Archbishop of the Cross.
Peter, having left Spalato, is appointed to the metropolitan of Kalosca in Hungary.

Peter VIII 42nd Archbishop of Spalato. 222.

Pope Clement III confirms the possessions, taxes, metropolitan and diocesan rights of the Church of Spalt with a very extensive charter; he sends the pallium to Archbishop Peter.
Sentence of Archbishop Peter and the Chapter of Spalato according to the Virgins of St. Benedict.
He settled disputes between the Knights Templar and the Monks of saint Cosmas and Damian.
On certain controversies between Archbishop Peter, the Chapter, and the clergy of Spalato.
The controversies between the Archbishop and the Clergy, previously settled, are reintegrated.

Papal Interregnum of Spalato. 228.

Bernard, 43rd Archbishop of Spalato. 229.

1. On the life and deeds of Bernard before he assumed the Pontificate. 229.

His homeland, studies of the fine arts, monastic institute, and exceptional learning.
King Bela entrusted his son Emeric to Bernard, the prefect of Hungary, for education.
He is elected to the Archbishopric of Spalato, and with the approval of Innocent III, he is consecrated.

2. Acts of Bernard, Archbishop of Spalato. 231.

He keenly pursues the heretics.
He shared certain estates with the Virgins of Spalato by a very generous charter.
King Emeric’s singular kindness towards Bernard.
When civil war broke out between the brothers Emeric and Andrew, Bernard, taking neither side, retained the favor of both sons.
Bernard, for having provided aid to the Zadar, turned the anger and vengeance of the Venetians against himself.
After Henry died, his brother Andrew succeeded to the Kingdom of Hungary, and by a most generous diplomatic gesture he shared the rights and goods of the Church of Spalat with him.
Under the auspices of Bernard, a new altar to St. Anastasius was erected, and its worship increased.
On the controversy between Bernard and the Chapter.
Of the Provincial Bishops consecrated by Bernard,
Bernard, invited by papal letters, attended the Fourth Lateran Council.
Bernard died while King Andrew of Hungary was in Split, having tried in vain to force a certain cleric from the royal court into the Archbishopric.

Slavizus, Archbishop Elect of Spalato. 243.

Guncellus, 44th Archbishop of Spalato. 245.

1. Election and Consescration of Guncellus. 245.

At the insistence and urging of the people, although unwillingly, yet with the consent of the primary Canons, Guncellus is elected Archbishop.
Guncellus, summoned and desired, came to Spalato, but disappointed the expectations of the Spalatans; by the command of Honorius he was consecrated by Robert, Bishop of Vespri.
Three Epistles of Honorius, two to the Chapter, the third to the Chapter and the Clergy of Spalato.

2. On the Dalmatian and Hungarian legation of Aconcius. The subdeacons in charge of the pontifical chapel. 248.

Of the piracy of the Omiš, whom Aconcius pacified by land and sea.
Honorius sent a pallium to Guncellus, who requested it, to be given to him by the Bishop of Vespri.
Aconcius corrected the depraved morals of the clergy and people of Spalato, but Guncellus, having been delayed by the tradition of the Pallium, forbade episcopal functions.
Guncellus sets out for Rome by order of Anconcius. Aconcius departs for Bosnia.
Honorius ordered the legate Aconcius to deliver the pallium to the archbishop Guncellus.

3. On the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Spalatans up to the year 1230. 254.

Guncellus, unqisely and rashly, both exempted the city from the interdict and then forced the Spalatans to abandon the construction of a fort near the villa of Saint Domnius.
Guncellus, at the urging of Treguanus, Bishop of Tragurius, postponed his plan to leave for Rome until another time. He resolved the ecclesiastical controversy.
On the provincial bishops whom Guncellus concescrated.
Archbishop Guncellus awarded certain possessions in the territory of Rogovita to Abbot Robert and the monks of St. Cosmas and Damian.

4. On the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Spalatans from 1230 to 1240. 258.

Guncellus reluctantly accepted Thomas, who had been elected Archdeacon, into that position of dignity, and he could not tolerate his annoying admonisher.
The dispute between the Archbishop and the Archdeacon, which became increasingly heated, divided the Chapter and the clergy of Spalaten into opposing parties. The Roman Curia intervened and favored the Archdeacon, and resolved that distrust.
Death of Archbishop Guncellus.

Stephen, Bishop of Zagreb, elected Archbishop of Spalato. 262.

John, Count of Modrufa and Vinodolii, the power or Rector of Spalat, judged certain estates of the Island of Solta according to the monks of St. Stephen.
Thomas the Archdeacon and the Canons confirm the election of Leonard, abbot of St. Stephen; hence a sedition arises; there is a clamor and rush from all sides to St. Stephen; the monastery is plundered; the Archdeacon, Canons, and Monks are fined; Leonard is forced to step down; John Potesta offers himself as leader to the excited multitude, and approves of the deed.

Thomas Archdeacon elected Archbishop of Spalato. 265.

Archdeacon Thomas was elected to the highest priesthood of Spalato by the votes of almost all the Canons, which he neither accepted nor refused.
The people are in an uproar. Bernard orders the Clergy to be forbidden water and fire, unless they renew the election of the Archdeacon. Thomas, anxious to quell the uproar and revoke the concord, immediately renounces the Pontificate that was brought to him.

Hugrin, 45th Archbishop of Spalato. 267.

1. On Hugrin’s election, more necessary than voluntary, and his arrival in the city. 267.

Bela recommends Hugrin to the Spalaten legates, so that they may see to it that he is elected to the Spalaten archbishopric. The archdeacon and canons refuse. The Spalaten send a handwritten note of the election to the King.
The Spalato people extort the consent of the Chapter to elect Hugrin; they compel Thomas, Archdeacon, to go to Hungary to celebrate the election of Hugrin, whom the King himself led into Dalmatia.

2. Acts of Hugrin, elected Archbishop and Count of Spalato, consecration, assumption of the Pallium, death. 269.

On the deeds of Hugrin, elected Archbishop and Count of Spalato.
With the consent of Innocent IV, Hugrinus received episcopal consecration and the pontifical pallium.
The Hungarian, nearing death, publicly confessed to the Canons and others who were present about certain things he had wrongly cut off, and gave remarkable evidence of his penitent spirit. He died piously, before he had thought of using the mantle given to him for Pontifical functions.

John, bishop of Scardon, elected Archbishop of Spalato. 273.

John, from the Dominican family of Scardon, Bishop, is elected Archbishop of Spalato.
Innocent IV. rejected the proposal of the Spalaten legates, and, with the election of John, he decreed that Roger, who was a friend of Cardinal John, should be the bishop of Spalato.

Roger, 46th Archbishop of Spalato. 274.

Roger was keen and industrious in increasing the income of the Church, splendid and magnificent in his diet and worship, from Thomas the Archdeacon.
The vigil of the Archbishop of the monastery of St. Stephen of Pinnis, and the consecration of the church of St. Michael, to which the Presbyter Grabcius of the Pincian tribe is appointed.
Roger withdrew from Split for a time, while Conrad, King of Sicily, was passing through there, intending to pass on to Apulia, to whom Innocent IV had forbidden the assembly of the pious and sacred things.
King Bela comes to Dalmatia ; he spends his time in the monastery of St. Peter between Salona and Trogir; he approaches Spalato; he accuses Roger of not having approved the priesthood of Spalato, but he treats the prefect with great honor.
Roger grants favor and aid to the Sibenik people who are eager to obtain the Episcopal See.
Two legal acts of Archbishop Roger.
Roger tries in vain to appease Queen Mary of Hungary, who is angry with the Spalatinas.
The extreme illness of Archbishop Roger, testament, death, funeral, inscription.

John V. 47th Archbishop of Spalato. 280.

The first ten years of the Archbishop John. 280.

He took Sibenik to restore the badly damaged discipline of the clergy and monastic orders.
The judges of the City of Spalato, by common consent of all, transfer the Church of St. Lawrence of Platca, including the Priesthood of that parish, to the Archdeacon and Chapter of Spalato.
Death of Thomas the Archdeacon.
Duymus, Thomas’s successor, and the Canons of Spalat, according to the response given by Alexander III. to Archbishop Rayner, confirm what was received by ancient custom, that if any Cleric should pass away after the Kalends of March, he may bequeath by will all the fruits of the Priesthood to be received in that year to whom he wishes, and may order them to be spent on whatever uses he wishes at his discretion; and they decree that Canons should also enjoy this privilege.
Archbishop John, in order to enlarge the Monastery of the Preachers, annexed part of the Archbishop’s garden.
Archbishop John duly and publicly testifies that he has no right to Lickham, about which he had brought a lawsuit against Stephen, Bishop of Nonna.
Epistle of John the Metropolitan to the Bishop, Provincial.
The Sibenik people extort from Metropolitan John the approval of him, whom they had elected as Bishop.
John went to Hungary to King Ladislaus to recover the goods of his Church.

The remaining acts and the death of John the Metropolitan. 289.

On the Dalmatian and Hungarian Legation of Philip, Bishop of Fermo.
The Provincial Synod of Split was held by mandate of Pope Nicholas III.
Two Acts of John the Archbishop, one written and engraved by Zadar, the other by Trogir.
John sharply rebukes Bishop Nicholas of Scardon for daring to perform the Pontifical functions of Sibenik and to violate the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Tragur.
Death of John.

Jacob the Archdeacon elected Archbishop of Spalato. 294.

Peter IX. 48th Archbishop of Spalato. 295.

1. The first ten years of Archbishop Peter. 296.

Peter, by the authority and mandate of Boniface VIII, together with Archbishop Henry of Zadar, endowed Sibenik with the right of city status and decorated it with an Episcopal See. He restored the Episcopate of Macareno to Dumnen.
Archbishop Peter received Charles Martel, son of Charles II, King of Sicily, with great honor when he arrived in Spalato; and three years later he was considered by the people of Spalato and the Dalmatians to be their legitimate King.
Peter, having rejected Lampridius, gave to the Pharsians Bishop Lawrence.

2. The ten intermediate years of the Pontificate of Peter, Metropolitan of Spalato. 299.

On the Hungarian and Dalmatian legation of Cardinal Gentilis, Priest, and on his deeds in Dalmatia.
Archbishop Peter, after having built the monastery and church of St. Clare, consecrated the latter and bestowed upon it a large immunity.
Cardinal Gentilis, the legate to Metropolitan Peter, forbade all ecclesiastical administration and all sacrificial duties; and entrusted the administration of the Church of Spalato to the Chapter.
Archbishop Peter was invited to the Council of Vienna because of the censures, which he was later convicted of, and he was unable to attend.
Apology of Peter, Archbishop of Spalato, who strives to avenge himself from the insults inflicted on him by the Gentile Legate.

3. The rest of the events, and the death of Archbishop Peter. 306.

Peter, having been freed from the bonds of the Church, by which he was bound, is restored to his integrity.
On the death of Archbishop Peter and his successor.

Balian. 49th Archbishop of Spalato. 308.

The arrival of Archbishop Balian in the city, and two decrees enacted by him.
On the Legation of Cardinal Bertrand, and His Letter to Balian.
Bertrand’s second letter to Balian.
The Apocha or Schedule of Cardinal Bertrand, the Legate, attesting that he has been fully satisfied by Balian and the Bishops of the Province of Spalt.
Death of Archbishop Balian.

Dominic Luccarus, 50th Archbishop of Spalato. 312.

1. The first ten years of Dominic, Archbishop of Spalato.

He devoted himself diligently to protecting the episcopal dignity and conserving the goods of the Church.
Dominic, Archbishop of Spalato, sent as an Orator to Charles, King of Hungary, who was passing through Dalmatia into Italy.
By order of the Pope, Dominic is ordered to extend favor and aid to John, Bishop of Siena, against Bernard, elected by the Canons.

2. The ten subsequent years of Dominic, Archbishop of Spalato. 317.

The wealth of the sacred treasury of the Church of Spalato.
Provincial Council of Spalato.
The controversy over the castle of Almenses between Archbishop Dominic and Bishop Valentinus of Macarena.
The Senate of Venice arranged for Archbishop Dominic to present his prayers to the Apostolic See so that he could obtain the episcopate of Knin from Dominic the younger of Lucca, born of his brother’s son.
Of the plague of Spalato, and the death of Archbishop Dominic.

Peregrinus Elected Archbishop of Spalato. 325.

Hugolinus De Branca or Malabranca, 51st Archbishop of Spalato. 325.

Archbishop Hugolinus, together with Archdeacon Dominic and four men of Spalato from the order of Patritius, was sent as an ambassador to King Louis of Hungary and conducted the affairs of his Church usefully. He appointed arbitrators to the men of Spalato and Zagreb, together with the Metropolitan of Zagreb, to settle the dispute.
Violation of the Episcopal person is subject to the same laws and penalties as are provided for public power.
Hugolinus, together with the clergy of Spalato, paid tithes to the Pontifical Quaestor, and was released from ecclesiastical bonds, if any he was bound to because of the delayed payment.
Hugolinus orders that those who attempted to divert the archiepiscopal tithes and who inflicted injuries on their collectors be publicly denounced as being excommunicated from the Church.
Hugolinus voluntarily deposed the Pontificate of Spalato.

Andreas Gualdus, 52nd Archbishop of Spalato. 332.

1. The notable benevolence of Tvrtko and Dabiša, kings of Bosnia, toward Andreas and the Church of Spalato. 333.

The benefits of King Stephen bestowed upon Andrew and his Church
Andrew implores the authority of the Pontifical Council to exact the tithes due to him.
Stephen, King Bosnia, was just as kind and benevolent as his predecessor to Andrew.

2. The excellent will and benevolence of King Sigismund of Hungary towards Andrew and the Church of Spalato. 336.

Andrew, relying on Sigismund’s favor and grace, diligently takes care of the accounts and affairs of his Church.
Andreas took care to have the estates and goods of the Church of Spalato surveyed and described by royal mandate.
Another recognition and recension of the lands of the Church of Spalato by royal mandate left by the Chapter of Tinnien.
Andrew forgave and confounded the perpetuity of certain privileges of the Church.
Andrew provided excellent advice on ecclesiastical immunity.
The Opulence of the Sacred Treasury of the Church of Spalato.

3. Archbishop Andrew is said to have been the author of the discord of Spalato, which divided the city into two factions, the Intrinsic and the Extrinsic. 350.

On the causes and beginnings of the dissensions of Spalato, into which Andrew imprudently involved himself.
Archbishop Andrew, together with Chrysogonus, Bishop of Tragur, settled the war between the people of Spalato and the people of Tragur.
Archbishop Andrew is vindicated from certain graver slanders.
Archbishop Andrew of Spalato abdicated. Time and causes of abdication.

Marin A Cuthies, Elected Archbishop of Spalato. 357.

Peregrin of Aragon, 53rd Archbishop of Spalato. 358.

Domnius De Judicibus, 54th Archbishop of Spalato. 361.

Letter of Sigismund to the Bishops and Leaders of the Church and Province of Spalat. They are ordered to receive Andreas Gualdus into the Archbishopric, having rejected both Domnius the Archdeacon and Peter the Bishop of Feventinus.
Domnius, elected Archbishop, carried out the embassy imposed on him by the people of Spalato to Sigismund at their request.
John XXIII, at the Council of Constance, at the request of Sigismund, confirmed the Archbishopric of Domnius by Apostolic authority.
Archbishop Domnius ordered the noble architect Nicolas of Spalato to preside over the completion of the Tower of St. Domnius.
The surrender of the Spalatinas, who were returning to Venetian rule, provided Domnius with a reason to abandon the Church and the city.
Domnius, having abandoned the See of Spalato, retired to Hungary.

Peter X, 55th Archbishop of Spalato. 368.

Peter built a new altar for St. Domnius, very elegant and magnificent, and endowed it with precious furnishings.
By order of Martin V, Peter released the people of Spalato from the bond of anathema, with which they had been bound because of the unjust treatment of two Archbishops.
Peter, having made a will, dies piously.

Francesco Malipiero, 56th Archbishop of Spalato. 371.

Bartholomew Zabarella. 57th Archbishop of Spalato. 374.

On the life and deeds of Bartholomew before the Archbishopric of Spalato.
The glorious deeds of Bartholomew, while he presided over the Church of Spalato.
The remaining acts of Bartholomew after being dismissed from the Archbishopric of Spalato.
Highly honorable testimonies of illustrious men concerning Bartholomew, Archbishop of Spalato and Florence.

Jacobin Badoer, 58th Archbishop of Spalato. 384.

Jacobin recovered from the Church of Spalato the tithes of the territory of Klis and Cetina
With the consent of Archbishop Jacobinus and Count Alexander Marcellus, the Procurators of the Metropolitan Church commissioned the chapel and altar of St. Anastasius to be built by George the Architect.
The sentence of Donatus Barbarius, the Praetor, according to the Jacobin Archbishop, who had disputes about the boundaries of the Villa Sussaraz with certain citizens of Spalato.
The Venetian duke and senate, at Jacobin’s request, repealed the Spalato law, which was unfair to the Church, religion, and piety.
Death and Testament of Archbishop Jacobin.

Lorenzo Zanni. 59th Archbishop of Spalato. 390.

Acts of Lorenzo, Archbishop of Spalato.
Acts of Lawrence after the deposition of the pontificate of Spalato.

John VI Zanettinus 60th Archbishop of Spalato. 400.

Peter XI Cardinal Fuscarus 61st Archbishop of Spalato. 402.

Bartholomew II Averoldus 62nd Archbishop of Spalato. 404.

On the monastic life of Bartholomew Averoldus before the Archbishopric of Spalato.
On the Archbishopric of Spalato of Bartholomew Averoldi.

Appendix To the 14th or 15th century. 412.

Notes on Appendix.

Farlati details the council held during this time.

Bernard Zanne. 63rd Archbishop of Spalato. 422.

Pontifical Acts. 424.

The arrival of Bernard, and the things he accomplished, at the very beginning of the Pontificate of Spalato.
adverse events with which both the Archbishop, the Metropolis and the city of Spalato struggled for three years.
Various and troubling events delight the Archbishop’s mind and stimulate him to take precautions.
Laws enacted by the Archbishop to restore discipline in the city as well as in the diocese.

The remaining events and the death of Bernard. 431.

He went to the Lateran Council, and his work there was great.
He abdicated the Archbishopric of Spalato, and died in Rome three years later.

Andreas Cornelius and Marcus Cornelius, 64th and 65th Archbishops of Spalato. 435.

Acts of Archbishop Andreas, and the affairs of Dalmatia and Spalato before his arrival in the city.
Andreas came to Split, visited the diocese, and promulgated excellent laws to restore the discipline of the Clergy and the people.
Andreas designated his nephew Marcus Cornelius as his successor in the See of Spalato.
The Turks take possession of Klis, a town in the Diocese of Spalato. They declare war on the Venetians.
Andreas took care to have the census or description of the honors of the Archbishop’s table copied from the old book, and to have it reviewed and approved by the Chapter of Spalato.
Archbishop Andreas died in Italy, and attended the Council of Trent.
The remaining acts of Andreas, Archbishop of Spalato.
On the Pontificate of Marcus Cornelius of Spalato.

Aloysius Michaelius 66th bishop of Spalato. 458.

Acts of Aloysius Michaelius Archbishop of Spalato.
Pius V forbids the priesthood of the Church and Diocese of Spalato, of whatever kind, to be conferred on foreign priests or clerics.
On the Cyprus war, in which Dalmatia was also burned. The military virtue of the clergy of Spalato.
The canons and clerics of Spalato, summoned to Venice by the Archbishop of Venice for their trial by the papal legate, are forbidden to leave the city.
Aloysius appointed an assistant with the right of succession, to whom he would relinquish the archiepiscopal administration.

John Dominic Marcot, or Foconius, 67th Archbishop of Spalato. 463.

1. Acts of Archbishop John Dominic, while he held the name and office of Assistant. 464.

He surveys the diocese, attempts to restore the fallen morals of Omiš, and increases the College of Canons with his income.
On the Apostolic visitation of Venetian Dalmatia entrusted to Augustine Valerius, Bishop of Verona.
Augustinus Valerius, the Apostolic Visitor, convened the National Council of Zadar.
Letter of Gregory XIII to Dominic, elected Archbishop of Spalato.
He founded a seminary for clerics.

2. Acts of Dominic Marcot or Foconius, who attained full archiepiscopal rights. 470.

The Metropolitan authority grants the citizen of Trogir the faculty to be initiated into clerical tonsure by any Catholic Bishop.
Dominic Foconius, accused and acquitted once and again before the Apostolic See. Two letters from the Cardinal of Sens, one to the Archbishop, the other to the Chapter of Spalato, written in the name of the Sacred Congregation of Cardinals.
Expostulation of the Nobles and Commons of Spalato against the Archbishop.
On the Provincial Council of Spalato.
On the discovery of St. Felix, bishop and martyr, killed for Christ at Spalato.
Klis was recovered from the Turks, and then lost again. Three canons of Spalato were killed in battle.

Marcus Antonio de Dominis. 68th Archbishop of Spalato. 481.

Marcus Antonio having begun his Pontificate with good beginnings, aroused great expectations for himself. The Decrees of Michele Priuli, Bishop of Vicenza, Apostolic Visitor in Dalmatia.
Marcus Antonio tries to diminish the rights of the chapter, but the Duke and the Venetian Senate order that those rights be preserved.
On the controversy which Marcus Antonius had with Martius Andreucci over the pension imposed on him.
Marcus Antonio inspected the diocese. He issued constitutions, which, while they granted the privileges of the Chapter, were subject to the judgment and correction of the Sacred Congregation.
A very bitter dispute about ecclesiastical jurisdiction between Marco Antonio, metropolitan of Spalato, and Martius, bishop of Trogir.
He seeks to demand and recall the ordination of clerics to the old discipline of the Church.
He abdicates his archbishopric, designates his successor, and, abandoning his faith and the Church, flees to England.

Sfortia Ponzonus. 69th Archbishop of Spalato. 500.

The Acts of Sfortia Ponzonus up to 1625.
Acts and Decrees of Octavian Garzador, Archbishop of Zadar, and Apostolic Visitor.
He obtained a diploma from the King of the Turks to protect and recover ecclesiastical property.
He protects the right and name of the Primate, and, confirmed by the judgment of the Sacred Roman Rota, he forbade it to his children and his successors.
He set out for Venice and died there.

Notes on Sfortia Ponzonus

“With great labor and tireless study, he searched for all the charters, rights, and privileges of the Church of Spalato, wrote them down with his own hand from ancient manuscripts, assembled them into seven books, and, for the variety of the things, began each one according to his own will, without distinction from others. To these books he prefixed these titles, each his own.”

Leonardus Bondumerius. 70th Archbishop of Spalato. 506.

Bonifacius Albanus. 71st Archbishop of Splato. 510.

Notes on Bonifacius Albanus

He was a member of the Somaschi Fathers. Nicolaus petricellus wrote a brief history of his life.

Stephan Cosmus. 72nd Archbishop of Spalato. 514.

In the Turkish Peloponnesian War he accomplished many praiseworthy deeds for the republic and Christianity.
A very honorable testimony from Archbishop Cosmas, Canon of the Metropolitan House.
Works of religion and piety instituted by Cosmus.
Two Papal Diplomats.
He entrusts the task of visiting the diocese to Stephen Cupillus, Bishop of Trogir.
The daily and domestic life of Cosmos.

Stefano Cupilli. 73rd Archbishop of Spalato. 532.

He ardently desired and took the greatest care that the Fathers of the Society of Jesus should have a stable residence in Dalmatia, and be provided with suitable guardians.
Letter of Jean VIII César Rousseau de la Parisière, Bishop of Nîmes, to Stephen, Archbishop of Spalato, and his response to him.
On the charity of Archbishop Stephen towards his Chapter and Clergy.
Letter of Stephanus Cupillus, Archbishop of Spalato, to the Sacred Congregation.

John Baptist Laghi, 74th Archbishop of Spalato. 549.

He strives for the benefit and dignity of the Chapter of Spalato.

Antonius Kadcich, 75th Archbishop of Spalato. 553.

Pacifico Bizza. 76th Archbishop of Spalato. 557

Acts of Pacifico in the Pontificate of Spalato.
He increased the Spalatan Seminary, and established one in Omiš.
On the study and work contributed to the history of the Sacred Illyrians.
Death & Testament of Archbishop Pacifico.

Notes on Pacifico

Educated at Padua, He collaborated with Filippo Riceputi on collecting manuscripts on the history of Illyria. Farlati calls him a founder of Illyrian History.
He was fluent in Slavonic and opened a slavonic Seminary in Omiš in 1750.

Nicolaus Dinaricius. 77th Archbishop of Spalato. 566

Notes on Dinaricius

Educated at the Spalatan Seminary and then Padua. He was Archbishop from 1757 to 1764, one year prior to the publication of this volume.
He was said to give his sermons in both Italian and Croatian.

Pacifico Bizza

Sun, 26 Jul 2026 08:35:47 -0700

This is part 35 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Pacifico Bizza came from a nobile family in Rab, Croatia. Born in 1696, this is the first Archbishop Farlati writes about who is younger than himself. Pacifico studied at Padua, where he combined his efforts with Filippo Riceputi in collecting material on the History of Illyria. The preface to the first edition is written to him, where Farlati credits many of the manuscripts to have been written down by Pacifico himself. For his contribution Farlati calls him a founder of Illyrian History.

Stephen Cosmus

Sat, 11 Jul 2026 08:39:13 -0700

This is part 34 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Stephan was in the order of the Somaschi fathers. Nicolaus Petricelli wrote a brief history of his life, which Farlati publishes in full.

He was born in 1629 in Venice. He Studied at Murano, Rome and Milan before returning to Venice to teach. He gained Notariary for his teaching ability. Nicolaus calls him “The first in Italy to reconcile the beliefs of Democritus with Christian philosophy¹.”

Marco Antonio De Dominis

Sun, 28 Jun 2026 20:49:40 -0700

This is part 33 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Marco Antonio de Dominis is perhaps the most prominent and controversial Archbishop to have held the title in Spalato. He is best known for abdicating to the Church of England, and attempting to return to Catholicism a few years later.

Marcus came from the noble de Dominis family, who had long been present on the island of Rab, Croatia. He was educated in Padua, and later taught Mathematics, Rhetoric, and Philosophy at schools in Padua, Verona and Brescia.

Andreas and Marcus Cornaro

Tue, 05 May 2026 19:45:57 -0700

this is part 32 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Andreas succeeded Bernard Zanne as Bishop of Spalato in 1514. He came from the Cornaro family (lt. Cornelius). Farlati says that his father was Giorgio Cornaro (it. Giorgio Corner), a prominant Venetian whose sister Catherine became Queen of Cyprus. This would have made Andreas the brother of Cardinal Francesco Cornaro.

Andreas would not arrive in Spalato until 1527. In 1535 He saw a need for correction among the clergy and wrote a set of decrees. Farlati publishes them in full. Many of the rules deal with the clerics, how they should dress and how they should conduct themselves. Notably, Andreas banned clerics from playing Chess and games of chance. He forbid them from wearing Turkish Dolamas, a cheap and popular garmet of the time, to set themselves apart from the Ottoman’s who were frequently conducting incursions in to Croatia.

Oratio Habita in Prima Sessione Lateranensis Concilii

Sat, 25 Apr 2026 10:02:52 -0700

The text, published by Giacomo Mazzocchi in 1512, opens with a letter by Toma Niger to Marko Marulić praising the opening speech given by Bernard Zanne at the Fifth Lateran Council. The text of the speech then follows. Bernard calls for unity among Christian Nations and to address the threat of the Ottoman’s, whose border’s where now at the edge of his Diocese in Spalato. In Bernards Speech, I’ve replaced the virgule’s with commas and expanded abbreviations where possible. I’ve separated the text by pages as they appear in the text. The transcription is still in want of periods and paragraph breaks.

Bernard Zanne

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 17:44:28 -0700

This is part 31 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Bernad Zanne (lt. Bernardius Zannius. Also known as Bernardi Zane) was a highly educated priest who enjoyed the favor of both Pope Alexander VI and Leonardo Loredan. Alexander promised to make him the next Archbishop of Spalato. He assumed the role in 1503.

Much of his time in Spalato was spent dealing with Ottoman raids. In 1512, He was summoned to the Fifth Lateran Council and delivered a speech calling for Christian nations to unify against the threat of the Ottomans. Toma Niger, who had accompanied Bernard to Rome, sent the speech to Marco Marulić¹ along with a letter of praise for it. Toma’s Letter and Bernard’s speech were published by Giacomo Mazzocchi in Oratio Habita in Prima Sessione Lateranensis Concilii.

Bartholomew Zabarella

Sat, 11 Apr 2026 13:58:39 -0700

This is part 30 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

The Zabarella’s were a prominent family name in the region of Padua, Italy during the 15th century. Farlati attributes a quote to Zambono di Andrea (lt. Joannes Andreas de Favafuscis) which calls a certain Calorius Sabatinus as the ancestor the Zabarella’s first came from. Zambono wrote a lost work detailing the families of Padua that was cited heavily by Giovanni da Nono in his own geneaoligcal work¹. Zambono died around 1315, and afterwords a pseudo work arose attributed to his name, which blended in legendary elements with the authentic quotes we know from da Nano’s work. Given that Farlati is citing Favafuscis and not da Nono, and that Calorius Sabatinus scantly appears elsewhere, I believe he is citing the pseudo work². Nevertheless, we find Francesco Zabarella as a cardinal in the late 14th century, and his newphew, Bartholomew, becoming Archbishop of Spalato in the 1430s.

Domnius De Judicibus

Sun, 05 Apr 2026 22:05:07 -0700

This is part 29 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Joannes Lucius believed Domnius to be of the Luccari family and that he inherited the name “De Judicibus” by some other means. Domnius was elected archbishop in 1410, but it would not be until 1416 that he would be officially recognized.

Domnius was elected shortly after the Pisan Pope John XXIII came to power. Spalato’s control had changed hands between King Sigismund, a support of John, and Ladislaus of Naples, a supporter of Pope Benedict XII. With Sigismund in control in 1410, he rejected Domnius and requested John reinstate Andrew Gualdo as Archbishop. John attempted to compromise, offering Peter of Pag. Sigismund rejected Peter as well. Sigismund wrote to the clergy of Spalato ordering them to only recognize Andrew.

Andrew of Gualdo

Sat, 04 Apr 2026 13:34:46 -0700

This is part 28 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Andrew became Archbishop of Spalato around 1389 following the resignation of Hugolin. Prior to starting his episcopal career he had studied Law in Italy. Not long after his appointment, control of Spalato switched from Hungary to Bosnia, under king Tvrtko. Farlati describes Andrew as being on friendly terms with Tvrtko and his successor, Dabiša. He publishes a diploma alleged to be from Tvrtko, affirming the church held the same rights as they had under Louis I of Hungary.

Dominic Luccari

Tue, 10 Feb 2026 17:23:39 -0800

This is part 27 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Dominic Luccari came from a prominant Spalatan family. Prior to becoming Archbishop he served as Archdeacon. His election was contested by the church Canons, until Dominic personally traveled to Avignon to meet with Pope John XXII. His original intent was to offer to renounce his right to the office, but John was impressed by Dominic and decided to appoint him to the position. He became Archbishop in 1328, holding the position for 19 years.

Carmen Miserabile

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 22:00:35 -0800

Carmen miserabile super destructione regni Hungariae per Tartaros is a latin account of the mongol invasion of Hungary. The work has been attributed to Roger of Torre Maggiore. The original work is now lost, but Johannes de Thurocz appended it to his 15th century Chronica Hungarorum.

let all know that I do not say this rashly, for whoever falls into the hands of the Tartars, if he had not been born, would be better off, and will feel that he is not being held by the Tartars, but in Tartarus. I say this as I have experienced it. For I was among them for a time and a half, in which death was a consolation, as life was a punishment.

Roger of Torre Maggiore

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 18:56:16 -0800

This is part 26 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

The primary source for Roger’s life is Thomas the Archdeacon’s Historia Salonitana. Roger had already served for some time in the church before becoming Archbishop of Spalato in 1249. Born in the Apuli region of Italy, He had previously served as an Archdeacon in Várad (present day Oradea, Romania). He was there during the Mongol invasion in 1242 and recounted his experience in a work titled Carmen miserabile super destructione regni Hungariae per Tartaros. The original has been lost, but the contents were preserved in Johannes de Thurocz’s Chronica Hungarorum from the 15th century. He spent time working with the Englishman John of Toledo before being appointed Archbishop by Pope Innocent IV.

Thomas the Archdeacon

Sun, 18 Jan 2026 13:52:13 -0800

This is part 25 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Thomas became Archdeacon of the church of Spalato in 1230 AD. He was around 30 years old at the time. He wrote a history of the Bishops of Salona titled Historia Salonitana, which Farlati uses as a primary source for his work. In 1243 he was elected to be the town’s Archbishop, but regional political factors influenced the town’s people’s opinion, who thought having a Hungarian archbishop would grant them more political favor. Faced with civil unrest, Thomas declined to take the post.

Guncellus

Sat, 17 Jan 2026 23:14:19 -0800

This is part 24 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Guncellus, also referred to as Göncöl or Gonzello, served as Archbishop of Spalato roughly 20 years between 1218 and 1242 AD. The primary source of his life comes from his contemporary Thomas the Archdeacon. Thomas was in frequent conflict with Guncellus and would depict him negatively in his history of the bishops of Salona.

Thomas says that the towns people originally rejoiced at Guncellus’ arrival. The seat of the archbishop had been vacant for some time. Guncellus however, was inexperienced and lacking in wisdom. He proved to be unpopular among the people. Pope Honorius III writes to the people of Salona, saying he will allow the election if Robert, Bishop of Veszprém ¹ deems him worthy of consecration. Robert consecrates him. Thomas reacts to the event negatively, saying he did not examine him close enough. Farlati Publishes 3 other letters from Honorius concerning local church affairs.

Bernard

Sun, 11 Jan 2026 20:45:03 -0800

This is part 23 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Bernard became Archbishop around 1198 A.D. The primary source on his life is Thomas the Archdeacon’s Historia Salonita. He was well learned, said to have spent 30 years in Bologna before becoming being elected Archbishop. He was seen favorably by the Hungarian king Béla III, who had his son Emeric study under him. He reportedly wrote two books, now lost. One was on Heresies and another a collection of sermons.

Disce Haec Verba: a Latin version of LTWF

Sun, 04 Jan 2026 17:56:34 -0800

Natural Semantic Metalanguage(NSM) posits that all of a language can be described with a small set of its base words. David Bollock’s Learn These Words First(LTWF) demonstrates how a set of 300 English words can define 2,000 words.

A Latin list of base words has recently been published by Ignacio Aragües y Oroz¹. In this post, I’ll attempt to translate Lesson 1 of LTWF in to Latin equivalents using these words.

Saint Rayner

Fri, 28 Nov 2025 21:09:27 -0800

This is part 22 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Saint Rayner (lt. Raynerius, hr. Arnir) was Archbishop of Spalato from 1176 to his martyrdom in 1180. Little is recorded of his time before becoming the Archbishop. He was previously bishop of Cagli (lt. Calliensis), Italy, and before that, a monk at Fonte Avellana. His acts and martyrdom as Archbishop of Spalato were recorded by Thomas the Archdeacon in Historia Salonitana.

Crescentius to Gerard

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 20:16:23 -0800

This is part 21 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

The following Bishops all sat in Spalato during the 12th century. Their surviving acts sometimes being no more than one or two paragraphs, I consolidate them here.

Crescentius

Spalato had difficulty picking a successor to Lawrence. They called upon Pope Paschal II to elect someone for them, and Crescentius was chosen. Farlati finds in the Archives of Split a letter from Pope Paschal II confirming Crescentius. The following is the opening of the letter:

Lawrence of Spalato

Sun, 21 Sep 2025 21:52:22 -0700

This is part 20 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Lawrence (lt. Laurentius) was Archbishop of Spalato from 1060-1099 AD. The most detailed account comes from Thomas the Archdeacon’s 13th century Historia Salonitana. Thomas describes him as an accomplished bishop who expanded the local church. Most notably was his commission of Adam of Paris to rewrite the acts of Domnius in to a modern vernacular.

Schism with Ulf

The Historia recounts that in the first part of Lawrence’s ministry, a regional synod was held which banned the use of Slavonic¹. A sympathizer of the Slavic priests named Ulf traveled to Rome and petitioned the Pope to reverse the decision. As Ulf was unknown to Rome, he was sent back with a request that the matter be handled between Rome and the bishops. Ulf returned to Dalmatia and conceiled Rome’s request. He told the priests that they could reopen their churches and elect a bishop to represent them. Ulf returns to Rome with the elected bishop, named Cededas. He presents him as a presbyter seeking instruction. The Pope is suspicious of Cededas as he was not clean shaven. He cuts a few hairs from his beard and orders him shaved according to customs. Ulf deceived Cededas and told him that the Pope’s action meant he had ordained him a bishop. When the Pope learned that Cededas was acting as bishop, He sent a Cardinal named John to Dalmatia to settle the matter. A council was held in Spalato. Ulf was deposed and thrown in Prison for 12 years.

The Pincius Diploma

Fri, 22 Aug 2025 11:07:33 -0700

This is part 19 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

The Pincius Diploma tells the story of Bulgarian family who fled to Dalmatia and established a church in Salona. The diploma was discovered in an archive in Split and published by Johannes Lucius in the 17th century.

The author claims to be Pincius and dates itself to February 9th, 994 AD. Pincius says that his uncle is the Emperor Stephen, a cruel man who had his own father blinded and eventually killed. Pincius’ father, called “Shishman”, was also blinded by Stephen. Pincius rebukes Stephen for his actions and Stephen banishishes his family from the town of Tarnova. His family seeks refuge in Croatia and are received by King Držislav. After converting to Catholicism, the family gathers money in order to build a church. The church is dedicated to Michael the Archangel, Peter, and the Split bishop Martin. Pincius’ son Plesus is tasked with overseeing the project.

Tenth Century Councils of Spalato

Sun, 17 Aug 2025 09:17:46 -0700

This is part 18 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Only 1 source exists attesting to the tenth century Salonan councils, the Historiae Salonitanae Major, a longer version of Thomas the Archdeacon’s history of Salona. This version, a few hundred years older than the original publication, includes the decrees of the council along with 3 letters from Pope John X and 1 from Leo VI.

The reliability of these councils and letters was in question even prior to Farlati. Joannis Lucius doubted the councils ever happened. Farlati defended them, as did 19th and 20th century scholars such as Kerubin Šegvić¹, Franjo Rački², and Vjekoslav Klaić³. As with the analysis of the Trpimir Donation, the historical significance and ties to a Croatian identity may have resulted in a less critical approach during these times.

The Trpimir Donation

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 16:15:02 -0700

This is part 17 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

The Trpimir donation is possibly the oldest document recording the name of the Croatian people. Dated to the middle of the ninth century, the document states that Duke Trpimir was building a monastary and received 11 pounds of silver from Peter, the Archbishop of Spalato (modern day Split). In exchange for the silver, he was asked to confirm that the church of St. George in Putalj had previously been donated to the church of split by his predecessor, Mislav.

John of Ravenna

Fri, 11 Jul 2025 13:40:50 -0700

This is part 16 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

John of Ravenna was the first bishop of Spalato, modern day Split, south of the destroyed city of Salona. According to Thomas the Archdeacon, the city was made up of Salonitans returning to the mainland from the islands they had fled from during the seige of Salona. He writes in historiae Salonitanae

Now among the Salonitans, who had gone to the nearest islands, there was a certain man named Severus, whose house was near the columns of the Palace above the sea. Because he had greater authority than the rest, he was called the great Severus. He began to exhort his fellow citizens to return to their homeland. But because it was not safe to place ancient fortresses among the ruins of the city, he advised them to retreat to the building of Diocletian, where, dwelling more securely, they could inhabit some high part of their territory without great fear, until, if things went well, it would be possible to rebuild Salona.

Sun, 08 Jun 2025 15:37:58 -0700

A translation of the table of contents for volume II of Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum, along with some notes. This covers the bishops of Salona from the 4th to the 7th century, The destruction of Salona, a biography of Diocletian, and some hagiographies associated with him.

Marinus I. Martinus I. Maximus III. Theodorus II. Petrus II. Leo I. Joannes IV. Bishops of Salona

Several catalogues place these 7 bishops in the seventh century, and in different orders.
The roman Catalogue puts them in the 4th century
Not much is remembered of these bishops and the 100 years their rules spanned.

1. On Marinus and Martin, Bishops of Salona

Marinus I. 23rd Bishop of Salona.
Martinus I. 24th Bishop of Salona

notes on Marinus and Martin

316 - 340 AD, Farlati splits the reigns evenly at 12 years a piece for seemingly no logical reason.
farlati must explain why Marinus was not at the council of Nicea in 325
Constantine redefines the boundaries of Illyria
Arius is said to have been banished among the Illyrians during the council

2. Maximus III. 25th Bishop of Salona. 7.

Maximus’ orthodox and sincere faith in God.
What Maximus accomplished in his episcopate, or what happened in his time worthy of commemoration.

Notes on Maximus III

Called by other Catalogs Marinus II.
Flavius Rufinus Sarmentius was governor of dalmatia during this time.
1. VIRTUTE, ET FELICITATE OMNES RETRO PRINCIPES SUPER GRESSO D. N. H. JUL. CONSTANTI VICTORI, AC TRIUPHATORI SEMPER AUG. FL. JUL. RUFINUS SARMENTITIUS V.C PRAESES PROV. DALMATIAE D. N. M. EIUS.
Mentioned by name in the epistles the semiarians sent during the Council of Serdica. Socrates Scholasticus mentions these letters being drafted.
1. Council of Serdica
2. Hilary of Poitiers seems to have preserved it in Collectanea Antiariana Parisina
  1. [Collectanea Antiariana Parisina]https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0149b.stoa002.opp-lat1:1.4.1.pr.1/
  2. “Gregorio Alexandriae episcopo, Nicomediae episcopo. Carthaginis episcopo. Campaniae episcopo, Neapolis Campaniae episcopo. Ariminensi clero. Campaniae episcopo. Salonae Dalmatiae episcopo, Amfioni, Donato, Desiderio, Fortunato, Euthieio, Maximo, Sinferonti et omnibus per orbem terrarum consacerdotibus nostris presbiteris et diaconibus et omnibus. qui sub caelo sunt in ecclesia”
  3. but the catholic encyclopedia says that the maximus referred to is Maximin of Trier
  4. Anathasius writes in his Apology that the bishops from Dalmatia supported him.

3. Theodore II 26th bishop of Salona. 17.

Christian and Ecclesiastical Affairs under Theodore, Bishop of Salona, from the year 350 of Christ to the year 360
On the Christian affairs from 360 to 365 AD, and the death of Theodore, Bishop of Salonica.

Notes on Thedore II

nothing remembered of this bishop.
in Fragmenta Ex Libro Provinciae Aquitaniae, Hilary of Potiers preserves a letter the bishops of Italy sent to the bishops of Illyricum applauding them on their rejection of Arianism. Farlati thinks it was sent while Theodore was Bishop.
Hilarion is said to have traveled to the coastal Dalmatian town of Epidaurus. A legend is attributed to him that he miraculously calmed the sea after an earthquake.

4. Peter II, Leo I, John IV. 27.

Peter II, 27th bishop of Salona. On the Illyrian Council
What worthy of mention happened in Dalmatia, Illyricum, and other regions to Peter, Bishop of Salonica, from the 365 to 380 AD
Leo, 28th bishop of Salona from 380 to 395 AD
John IV, 29th bishop of Salona from 395 to 405 AD
On the Monastic Institute Imported and Propagated into Dalmatia
On the multiple arrival and incursion of barbarians into Illyricum and Dalmatia

Notes on Peter II, Leo I, and John IV

Illyrian Synod, date and location disputed, was held somewhere around 365-375 AD. The Epistle from this synod is republished here from Book IV of theodoret’s church history.
Theodoret also preserves a letter in Book II, which addresses the bishops of Illyria after the council of Rome in 382 AD
councils of constantinople, Aquileia, and Rome in the 380s. No mention of Leo, althought Aquileia mentions Anemius Bishop of Sirmium present. Ambrose’s letters and Felix Jardentius.
Synod of Milan: Felix is also present here. Felix is attributed by many writers to be the earliest known bishop of Zadar. a coastal city in the north of Croatia. Count Louis Voinovitch in Dalmatia and The Jugoslav Movement: “the Latin title of the Archbishop of Zara is to this day Archiepiscopus Jadertinus”. Jovinian is declared a heretic and exiled to “the isle of Bua” in the Adriatic sea.
Peter, Leo, and John IV not mentioned at any of the 4th century synods. Some Illyrians mentioned present as described in the notes above.
Monastic tradition of the Dalmatian Islands:
1. Jerome in Epistle 60: mentions the islands of Dalmatia as an area of monastic activity.
2. Ciglenečki and Bobovnik:
  1. epistle 105. Jerome says of a letter he never received from Augustine, that even the an island in the Adriatic had possession of a copy.
  2. epistle 118, to a certain Julian. Whom Jerome says built Monasteries on the islands of Dalmatia.
  3. against rufinus, Jerome says the Dalmatian Islands were aware of the books Rufinus had written against Jerome
  4. Bonosus: friend of Jerome who eventually moved to an unknown Island.
  5. epistle 68: A monastic community is present on the island of Cissa

Hesychius III. 30th bishop of Salona. 64.

1. Hesychius is restored to the Church of Salonica, from which he had been stolen. 66.

On the Commentary on the Bishopric of Toledo by Hesychius
Hesychius is recaptured from Toledo and returned to the Church of Salonica.

2. The Acts of Hescyhius. 70.

Life of Hesychius before the Pontificate
Hesychius labors for the restoration of John Chrysostom. He admonishes Ruffinus about the corruptions introduced into the Clementine books by heretics; he restores the afflicted Dalmatians.
Pontifical acts of Hesychius from 410 to 420 AD.
On the remaining Acts of Hesychius from the year 420 to 438

Notes On Hesychius III.

Mentioned by Augustine, wrote him a letter and mentions him in City of God
John Chrysostom writes in him a letter from exile (epistle 183)
the Spanish Chronicles, which Farlati had already refuted for earlier bishops, are refuted again here for claiming Hesychius III as a bishop of Toledo.
the letter from Chrysostom (epistle 183) Esti magno itineris intervallo a reverentia tua disjungimur, et ad extremos usque orbis terrarum fines relegati sumus; tamen levi charitatis penna utentes, quae faciles reddit huiusmodi peregrinationes, et propinqui fumus tibi, et tecum versamur, ac debitam per litteras salutationem persolvimus; teque hortamur, ut ad juvandas orientis ecclesias conveniens studium adhibeas. Scis enim, quanta fit parata merces ei, qui divexatis ecclesiis manum porrexerit, et tantam procellam in tranquillitatem converterit, ac bellum adeo grave restinxerit. Atque ad haec vos hortamur, non quasi admonitione nostra indigtatis; siquidem antequam hostras litteras accepissetis, quae vestri muneris erant, ipsi praestitistis; sed quia nondum sublata sunt mala, sed adhuc vigent, et urgent; oramus vos, ut ne animo concidatis, neque malis cedatis, sed quamdiu manent ulcera, quibus cclesiae corpus affligitur, vestra medicamenta adhibeatis. Quanto enim pluribus cum laboribus res geruntur, tanto vobis amplior etimam merces constituetur.
pg 73. quoting from the life of saint clement, a letter sent to Rufinus urging him to purge the errors introduced by of the clementine recognitions
Hesychius writes a letter to Pope Zosimus, Sozimus responds.

3. The works of Hesychius. 83

Lives of Clement, Domnius, Anastasius,
Whether the Commentaries on Leviticus are to be attributed to Hesychius
Correspondence between Hesychius and Augustine

Notes on the Works of Hesychius

Life of St. Clement. Farlati only has fragments of the work. Simon Bingnius supposedly had 2 copies and sent 1 to the archbishop of split P.D Bernard.
Life of Domnius and Anastasius. Bingnius is also the claimant that they were written by hesychius. The works are covered in volume 1.
3 letters known to be written: 1 to Pope zosima, 2 to Augustine. a 4th letter, according to the vita was written to Rufinus.
Leviticus commentaries: evidence points to the Hesychius of Jerusalem.

John V and Peter III. 91.

1. John V. 31st Bishop of Salona

John attended the first National Roman Council held against Nestorius, as well as the second, but not the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus.
John kept the Dalmatian Church untouched by the Nestorian and Pelagian heresies.
The Huns, having entered Pannonia, destroyed Sirmium, the principal city of Western Illyricum. With the destruction of the city and the church of Sirmium, the metropolitan jurisdiction of the Bishop of Salonica increased.
On the remaining acts of John, Metropolitan of Salona, from the year 442 to 450.

2. Peter III. 32nd Bishop of Salona. 100.

Peter, receiving and approving Pope Leo’s Epistle to Flavian, along with the Bishops of Dalmatia, expressed his opinion on Eutyches, which was confirmed at the Council of Chalcedon.
whether any part of Attila’s calamity spread to Dalmatia.
What worthy of mention happened under Peter, Bishop of Salonica, in Dalmatia and Illyricum, in the Church and in both empires, up to the year 468.
Marcellinus obtains the kingdom in Dalmatia.
On the affairs of the Goths, and of both Empires, until the death of Peter III, Bishop of Salona.

Notes on John V and Peter III

nothing is remembered besides their names
The synod of Rome relating to Nestorius, Farlati thinks John was there just by relation of being close to Rome.
During pontificate of Pope Celestine. The Bacilica of Saint Sabina was built. An inscription in the church reads that a certain Peter, from an unknown city in Illyria, resided over the church. _Culmen Apostolicum cum Coelestinus haberet Primus, et in toto fulgeret Episcopus orbe, Haec, quae miraris, fundavit presbyter urbis Illyrica de gente Petrus, vir nomine tanto Dignus, ex ab ortu Christi nutritus in aula, Pauperibus locuples, sibi pauper; qui bona vitae Praesentis fugiens meruit sperare futuram.

Glycerius, Ex-emperor, 33rd bishop of Salona. 114.

1. The life of Glycerius before his pontificate. 115.

Family, country, achievements, and deaths of magistrates before the Empire.
Glycerius takes control of the affairs of the West, and his achievements during his reign.

2. On the Salonitan Pontificate of Glycerius. 117.

Glycerius becomes Bishop of Salona
Acts of Glycerius, Bishop of Salona, and memorable events under his Pontificate
On the life and affairs of Glycerius, the Emperor Bishop of Salona. By Ivan Tomko Mrnavić, Bishop of Bosnia. From a book published in Rome in 1631, which is inscribed: The Royal Fertility of Illyrian Sanctity.

3. Concerning the Pontifical Gap of Salona. 123

Odoacer’s family, military affairs, Italian expedition, Kingdom in Italy
Odoacer, having killed the Tyrant Odiva, avenges the murder of Nepos and gains possession of Dalmatia. Hence arose the causes of the Papal Interregnum of Salona.
On ecclesiastical matters, the see of Salona being vacant.
Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, killed Odoacer, and having gained possession of Italy and Dalmatia, brought an end to the Papal interregnum.

Notes on Glycerius

Jordanes writing in the 6th century Romana: “Nepos, having obtained the legitimate kingdom, expelled Glycerius, who had imposed the kingdom on himself in a tyrannical manner, from the Empire, and made him Bishop of Salona in Dalmatia”
Evagrius Scholasticus in the 6th century Ecclesiastical History: “After whom Glycerius became Emperor. After he was expelled, Nepos obtained the empire of the Romans for five years: and he ordained Glycerius Bishop of Salona in Dalmatia.”
Paul the Deacon in the 7th century Historia Romana: “Then, in the following year, Nepos unexpectedly arrived with an army, stripped Glycerius of royal power, and ordained him Bishop of Salona, a city in Dalmatia”
No early writers leave details about his early life. Farlati cites the controversial Ivan Tomko Mrnavić who having read the works of Marcus Maruli claimed that Glycerius was born from a noble family in Salona. He also states to have seen an ancient manuscript from a certain Franciscus Turrigia which suggested Glycerius was not deposed but left voluntarily. Glycerius vero factus fuit Augustus a Gundibaldo Patrio, voluntate totius exercitus, sed postea nolens mundo militare reliquit imperium, et fult factus Episcopus in Salona Dalmatiae
Few references to his short Reign as emperor. Ennodius of Pavia writing in the early 6th century makes a brief favorable mention of him in his life of Epiphanius of Pavia,
section 3 deals reprints the life of glycerius as written by Ivan Tomko, he claims information from 3 sources: Vincentius de Franciscis, Marcus Marulus (that Glycerius was born a first class citizen in Salona) and Franciscus Turrigia (That Glycerius voluntarily abdicated as opposed to being deposed). Tomko paints a Glycerius in a postiive light saying that he received Julius Nepos in Salona when he fled there, allowing him to stay in the Diocletian Palace. Others have said that When Nepos attempted to raise an Army to retake Rome ~480, Glycerius was involved in the plot to murder him. Marcellinus says it was own men, Viatoris and Ovidae. Anonymus Valesianus also records the death as happening in Salona

Honorius II. 34th Bishop of Salona. 133.

1. Letter of Pope Gelasius to Honorius, Bishop of Salonica

First Letter
Second Letter

2. Acts of Honorius, Bishop of Salona. 136.

Honorius keeps the Church of Salonica and the province of Dalmatia untouched by the Eutychian heresy and all schismatic corruption.
Theodoric subdues Pannonia
Honorius founded the church and the bishopric of Barcelona in Pannonia.

3. On the Gothic and Slavonic kingdom in Upper Dalmatia. 141.

Author, Interpreters, copies of the Slavonic Codex
On the inscription, argument, and authority of the Diocletianic history
Ostroyllus invades Dalmatia, kills the Heruli, and establishes a new kingdom in the province of Praevali.

Notes on Honorius II.

The Roman Catalog reports that the Salonan Pontificate sat vacant for 13 years after Glycerius. Honorius became bishop in 493
Pope Galesius wrote a letter to Honorius in 493 because he had heard the pelagian heresy had begun to spread in Dalmatia.
Church of Barcelona. A city otherwise unknown somewhere in Pannonia. Farlati cites Andreas of Zadar who provided the source for this fact at the second council of Salona in the 6th century.
The slavonic Codex mentioned here is the Chronicle of the priest of Dioclea or Duklja. The chronicle details the history of the slavic kingdom and was composed in the 12th century. Marko Marulić, translated the work in latin in the 16th century from a transcription made by Dmine Papalić. Tibor Živković suggests the author of the original codex was Rudger, Archbishop of Bar.
Ostroyllus, legendary king who conquered Dalmatia.

On Januarius I, Hesychius IV, and Stephen I, Bishops of Salona. 149.

1. Januarius I. 35th Bishop of Salona. 149.

On the Affairs of the Church and the Empire from the year 505 to 510.
Letter of King Theodoric to Januarius, Bishop of Salona, and two similar letters of the same to the Prefects of Dalmatia
The empire of King Theodoric of Italy and Dalmatia is very widely extended; the state of the Illyrian and Dalmatian Churches. The death of Januarius, Bishop of Salonica.

2. Hesychius IV. 36th Bishop of Salona. 154

On the affairs of the Eastern Church, especially of Illyrian, until the death of Emperor Anastasius
On the magistrates of Dalmatia appointed under Theodoric
Illyricum, and the Eastern Church with Illyricum, and the Western Church returns to harmony. Theodoric harasses the Catholics. His death, as well as the death of Hesychius, Bishop of Salona.

3. Stephanus I, or Savilian, 37th bishop of Salona. 158.

What praiseworthy deeds did Stephen perform, or what memorable events occurred during his pontificate.
On Dionysius Exiguus; and his letter to Stephen of Salona.

Notes on Januarius I, Hesychius IV, and Stephen I

Letter of Theodoric to Januarius: preserved by Cassiodorus. Theodoric addresses a complaint that Januarius has not paid a man for the oil that he acquired from him.
Dionysius letter to Stephan. Dionysius Exiguus translated a collection of canons from Greek to Latin . In several manuscripts his letter to Stephan is prepended, saying it was at Stephan’s request that he prepared the translations. Dionysius’ contemporary Cassiodorus also affirms that Stephan made the the request.

Honorius III. 38th bishop of Salona. 161.

1. First Provincial Council of Salona. 161.

From whence it is taken, and its truth is vindicated and illustrated.
Acts of the Provincial Council of Salonica.
Notes on the council.

2. Second Provincial Council of Salona. 172.

The time of this Council, the cause, the corruption of the actors.
Acts of the Second Council of Salona.
Notes on the acts of the second Council of Salona.

3. The Gothic War. 177.

The first year of the Gothic War, 525 AD. The Romans capture Salona, lose it, and regain it.
Ostroyllus, killed in battle in the first year of the Gothic War, left the kingdom of Praevalita to Senulatus, who made peace with the Romans.
The second year of the Gothic War, 536 AD. The Romans capture Naples and Rome, the Goths invade Dalmatia and attack Salona.
An epitome of the seven years of the Gothic War until the death of Honorius, Bishop of Salona.

4. A new description of Illyricum from Justinian’s _Novellae Constitutiones__. 185.

Justinian restored the entire Western Illyricum, with the exception of Noricum, to the Empire after it had been wrested from the Barbarians.
Text from Justinian’s Novel 11: De Privilegiis Archiepiscopi Justinianae primae.
observations in Novel 11

5. The Acts of Honorius III, Bishop of Salonica, collected together, and what happened during his Pontificate worthy of memory. 191.

The first thirteen years of Bishop Honorius
The remaining four years of the Pontificate of Honorius. Of the Patrimony of St. Peter in Dalmatia. Deacon Sebastian, Curator of the Apostolic Patrimony, and Honorius, Bishop of Salona, were rebuked by Pope Vigilius for the Priestly centers and orders instituted and conferred,

Notes on Honorius III

The extended manuscript of Thomas The Archdeacon’s Historiae Salonitana is the primary source used by Farlati to discuss the two Councils held during this time. The first council issued 13 decrees related to mainly to administrative affairs of clergy. The second delt with establishing 3 new bishops in Sarsenterum, Muccurum, and Ludrum.
Sebastian, who curated the Patrimony in Dalmatia. Pope Vigilius wrote a letter to him accusing him of Simony. By Association this also indicted Honorius. Farlati says he would have already passed by that time, and that no record exists of an official condemnation against him.

On Frontinianus II, Peter, and Probinus. 39th, 40th, and 41st Bishops of Salona. 194.

1. Frontinianus II. 39th Bishop of Salona. 194.

From whence arose the controversy concerning the three Chapters. What did Justinian and Vigilius decree about them? What did the Easterners and the Westerners think?
Frontinianus, first with great praise, then with great persistence, won the cause of the three chapters, was summoned to Constantinople and driven into exile.
The later nine years of the Gothic war.

2. Petrus IV. 40th Bishop of Salona. 207.

He agreed with the Catholic Church on the condemnation of three chapters, to which he reconciled the Dalmatian schismatics.
concerning matters of great importance to the Church and the Empire, which occurred while Peter was presiding over the Church of Salonica.

3. Probinus. 41st Bishop of Salona. 209.

There is a not insignificant suspicion that Probinus was infected with the schismatic contagion.
On the principal events of that four-year period which is attributed to Probinus, Bishop of Salona.

Notes on Frontinianus II, Peter IV, and Probinus

Three Chapters Controversy: Emperor Justinian’s Anathematization of Theodore of 3 earlier Christian authors. Particularly Theodore of Mopsuestia.
Facundus of Hermiane writes in libro contra Mocianum that the Illyrians and Dalmatians were defenders of the three chapters.
Victor of Tunnuna in his Chronicle says that Frontinius was exiled and Peter was put in his place.

Honorius IV and Damianus. 42nd and 43rd Bishops of Salona. 211.

Under Honorius, Bishop of Salona, the Lombards crossed the Julian Alps and founded a kingdom in Italy.
On ecclesiastical matters from 566 to 580.
Of the arrival of the Bulgarians, and the friendship formed with them by the kings of Upper Dalmatia. From the priest of Duklja

Notes on Honorius IV and Damianus

Nothing is remembered of these two bishops.
The Chronicle of the priest of Dukja (Pop Dukljanin) which tells of the arrival of the Bulgarians in Northern Dalmatia. Johannes Lucius thought that the author had confused with the Bulgarians with the 8th century Avars.

Natalis 44th bishop of Salona. 216.

1. On the life and character of Natalis, Bishop of Salona. 217

from chapter 5 of the Hist. of Salona. 217.
notes.

2. Observations on the fifth chapter of Historiae Salonitanae. 218

Natalis was rightly and deservedly criticized by Honorus
Natalis could not move Honorus from the rank of Archdeacon without injury.
Honorus recounted the life and wicked acts of Natalis and the injuries done to him to Pope Pelagius.

3. The letter of Saint Gregory the Great to settle the controversy between Natalis and Honorus. 223.

The first letter of Gregory the Great to Archdeacon Honoratus, and the second to Bishop Natalus.
Natalus will raise Honorus to the order of the Presbytery, in order to expel the Archdeaconry
4th letter of Gregory the Great to Natalus
Letter 5. Gregory the Great to the bishops of Dalmatia.
Letter 6. Gregory the Great to Antonius the Subdeacon
Natalis promises to comply with the Pontifical mandates.
Letter VII. Gregory the Great to Natalus Bishop of Salona

4.The remaining acts of Natalis, bishop of Salona; and the affairs of the empire, and especially of the Dalmatian church of those times. 235

The first six years of Natalis are worthy of praise and memory
Later years of Natalis’ pontificate. He removed Florentius, bishop of Epidaurus, from his episcopate after being accused of corruption, without the knowledge and without consulting the provincial bishops. Apostolic delegation to inspect the churches of Dalmatia. Death of Natalis.

5. The honored Archdeacon, elected Bishop by the votes of the clergy and the people, voluntarily resigned his pontificate out of a desire for peace. 239.

Gregory orders Antoninus, his subdeacon, and his apocrypha, by letter, to convene the clergy and people of Salonica and see to it that a bishop is duly elected and replaced by Natalis.
Gregory confirms the opinion which he and Pelagius had expressed according to Honoratus, and sends it to him, attested by papal letters, so that no obstacle may block his access to the Salonican Pontificate.
Honoratus is elected to the Episcopate of Salonica; Pope Gregory confirms the election.
Honoratus resigned the episcopate for the cause of removing the Schism, and for the sake of peace.

Notes on Natalis

Natalis is portrayed as having been honorable in his early years as bishop, but began to neglect his duties in later years.
Honoratus, an archdeacon, began to oppose him for his lavish feasts and misuse of the church treasury. Natalis attempts to depose him. Honoratus writes to Pope Pelagius II, and his successor, Gregory the Great.
Gregory the great sends several letters in an attempt to resolve the situation. Natalis is slow to respond and Gregory orders Honoratus restored to his position.
Gregory also sent letters concerning the bishop Florentinus, who Natalis deposed unlawfully by not calling for a council to review the matter.
Natalis died before any of his controversies were resolved. Honoratus was elected bishop. Another bishop, Malchus, managed to turn public opinion against him. Honoratus resigned in order to avoid a schism.

Maximus IV. 45th Bishop of Salona. 246.

1. Summaries of the Acts in the Case of Maximus the Prevaricator. 247.

Summary from chapter 6 of Historiae Salonitanae
Summary from book 4, chapter 2 of John the Deacon’s Life of Saint Gregory
Summary III. from Book VII. of the Epistles of St. Gregory the Great. Exists in the Venetian Labbean collection under this title: “On the cause of the greatest Prevaricator, his satisfaction, and penance”
Appendix from the Pontifical Chronicle of Salona

2. A previous commentary on the letters of Gregorian pertaining to the cause of the great Bishop of Salonica. 249.

Maximus’s race, character, perverse manners, and recruitment into the Salonitan clergy.
Maximus is elected Bishop.
Why Maximus was called a Presumptor, Prevaricator, Simoniac, and Schismatic.

3. Letter of Pope St. Gregory or to Maximus, written for the sake of others. 252

First Epistle to the Provincial Bishops of Dalmatia.
Letter of St. Gregory to the Presumptuous Maximus
Letter of St. Gregory to Marcellus Scholasticus
Letter of St. Gregory to Constantine Augusta
Second Letter of St. Gregory to the Presumptuous Maximus
Third letter of St. Gregory to Maximus
Letter of St. Gregory to Salona
Letter of St. Gregory to Zadar
Letter of St. Gregory to Sabinianus, Bishop of Zadar
Letter of St. Gregory to Sabinianus, Deacon of Rome
Second Letter to Sabinianus, Bishop of Zadar
Third letter to Sabinianus, Bishop of Zadar
Letter of St. Gregory to Marcellinus, Proconsul of Dalmatia
Maximus, having lost the number of his supporters and the patronage of the leading men, repented and promised to carry out the Pope’s orders.
Letter of St. Gregory to Constantius, Bishop of Milan
Letter of St. Gregory to Marinianum, Bishop of Ravenna
Letter of St. Gregory to Castorius, Notary
Maximus, by taking an oath, purges himself of simony and of other crimes by infamy, and, having duly performed the prescribed penance, is reconciled to the Church and the Apostolic faith.
Letter of St. Gregory to Maximus. He sent him a pallium.

4. Acts of Maximus, Bishop of Salona, and the more notable events of those times, especially in Dalmatia

Of the six previous annals of Bishop Maximus, not legitimate, but intrusive.
The ten intermediate years of the pontificate of Maximus, bishop of Salona
On the last ten years of Maximus, Bishop of Salona

Notes on Maximus

John the Deacon writes in his vita Gregorii that Maximus bribed soliders to ensure his election as bishop.
He was the subject of several letters by Gregory the Great, either to him or concerning his behavior.
The byzantine emperor Maurice requested Gregory to recognize Maximus’ position.
Gregory requested Maximus to come to Rome to face the accusations made against him. He delayed and rejected this request. Gregory sent a letter to Salona publicly announcing his excommunication.
Maximus eventually fell out of favor and petitioned Gregory for penance. He traveled to Ravenna where he was confirmed to be absolved and readmitted to the church.
He would return to Salona and remain Bishop for another 20 years.
Letters of Gregory the Great

Frontinianus III. 46th Bishop of Salona. 295.

1. On the Pontificate of Frontinianus III, bishop of Salona. 296.

The affairs of the Church and the Empire from the year 20 to 30 of the seventh century.
Of the remaining eight years of Frontinian, Bishop of Salona, and his death.

Notes on Frontinianus III.

Nothing is remembered of Frontinianus. The city of Salona was destroyed shortly after his death.

Theodorus III. 47th and Last Bishop of Salona. 300.

1. On the state of the city and church of Salonica. 300.

On the corrupt morals of citizens.
On the small number of troops which were then in Salona and in other cities of Dalmatia.

2. Description of the city cut down and overthrown: from Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus and Thomas the Archdeacon. 302.

From Constantine Porphyrogenitus’ De Administrando Imperio Chapter 29.
From Chapter 30 of De Administrando Imperio.
From chapter 3 of Thomas The Archdeacon’s Historiae Salonitanae.

3. Observations on the Exceprts of Constantine Porphyrogenitus and Thomas the Archdeacon. 306.

At what time was Salona captured and overthrown.
What kind of barbarians were the overthrowers of Salona?
Salona was attacked and captured, burned and demolished.

4. What followed after the destruction of Salona before the city of Split was founded. 315.

The flight and dispersion of the Salonitans.
The Avars and Slavs ravaged Dalmatia, Upper Moesia, and Istria.
Abbot Martin was sent by John IV to Dalmatia and Istria to redeem captives and transfer the relics of martyrs to the city.
The Chrobati and Serbs wage war on the Avars, and after expelling them, they gain control of Mediterranean Dalmatia.
The Salonitans, having returned from the islands to the mainland, some founded Ragusium with the Epidaurians, others Jadria
What happened in the Metropolitan Interregnum of Dalmatia, from the overthrow of Salona to the founding of Spalatum, was worthy of memory in the church and empire.

Notes on Theodorus III.

Nothing is remembered of Theodorus except that he was said to be bishop during the destruction of Salona. It is not known how he died.
Thomas the Archdeacon in historiae Salonitanae chapter 7: the city of Salona had devolved in to a corrupt city.
destruction of Salona. Documented by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus and thomas the archdeacon. The avars invaded. Many Salonans fled to the islands, eventually dispersing to other coastal cities, some returning to start the city of Split.

Chronological Synopsis from 316 to 650 AD. 326.

The History of Emperor Diocletian. The birth of Salona. 338.

1. On the race of Aurelia Valeria of Salona, or on the family and kindred of the Emperor Diocletian, the holy of the saints and martyrs. Genealogical Difference. 338.

On the lineage of the Valerian tribe of Salona.
Of the first line of the race of Valeria of Salona, or of the family of Diocletian.
On the homeland of Diocletian.
On the names of Diocletian.
On the wives of Diocletian.
On the adopted sons and grandsons of Diocletian.
On the second line of the Aurelian family of Valeria of Salona, or on the family of the Holy Caius and Gabinius.
On the third line of the race of Valeria of Salona; or on the family of St. Claudius and Maximus.
On the fourth linen of the nation of Valeria of Salona, or on the family of the upright emperor.

2. Acts of the Emperor Diocletian. 356.

Of the beginnings of Diocletian, and the era of the martyrs
On the affairs of Diocletian from the beginning of his reign to the year 293.
In the year 293, Diocletian created Constantius and Galerius Caesars; he divided the Roman Empire into four parts; he celebrated the decennial anniversary in Rome.
On the affairs of Diocletian from the year 294 to the year 297. He fought successfully with the Quincentians and the Alemanni in the West, and with the Alexandrians and Persians in the East.
The affairs of Diocletian from the year 297 to 300. Defection of the Dalmatians, Siege of Salona, overthrow of the city of Ariminum.
The affairs of Diocletian from the year 300 to 303.
Diocletian decrees a persecution of the entire Church, celebrates the 20th anniversary in Rome, and returns to the field of Nicomedia. From the year 303 to the year 305.
Diocletian abdicates the Empire with Maximian. Causes and year of abdication
Diocletian creates new Augustuses and new Caesars, dividing the Roman world into four parts, and assigning provinces to each of them.

3. Of the private life of Diocletian after the empire was laid down, and of the public affairs which he lived and performed during his life. 397.

Diocletian, having dismissed the insignia of high rank, retained some of the supreme authority and public government.
Constantintius Chlorus dies. His son Severus becomes emperor. Maximian revolts. Severus is succeeded by Licinius.
On the death of Herculius, Maxentius, and Galerius. Diocletian holds the tenth consulship. He is believed to have favored Maxentius and Maximinus. He refused to attend Licinius’ wedding, although invited; he was affected with great bitterness and fear by the torn images and the threatening letters of Constantine and Licinius. He vainly complains to Maximinus that his daughter Valeria was treated in an unworthy manner.
Diocletian dies at Salona. Time and cause of death. On the beauty of the same and its aptness.

4. The Diocletian Persecution. 415.

On the Diocletian persecution in particular. The first period.
On the martyrs of Aquileia. Whether the sisters Agape, Ghionia, and Irene of Aquileia are to be distinguished from the other three sisters of the same name of Thessalonica.
The second period of the Diocletian persecution.
The third period of the diocletian persecution.
Diocletian, the author of the tenth universal persecution, instigated by Galerius.
Of the year, month, and day of the universal persecution.
On the cruelty of the tenth persecution.
On the Illyrian martyrs under Diocletian, Galerius, and Licinius.
On the beginning, progress, and end of the Diocletian persecution.

On the Licinian persecution. Appendix. 457.

Chronological Synopsis. History and Diocletian Persecution. 465.

Saint Serena, Empress and Wife of Diocletian Augustus. 471

1. On Saint Serena Augusta, her marriage to the Emperor, religion, sanctity, death, and cult. 472.

Testimonies from martyrologies.
Testimonies from the Hagiologists.

2. Acts of Saint Serena wife of Diocletian, excerpts from other acts of the saints. 474.

From the Acts of Saint Susanna with Lippomanus and Surius.
From the Acts of Pope Marcellus.

3. From the life of Artemis. 476.

Acts of Saint Serena.
Notes on the Acts of Saint Serena.

4. The origin and homeland of Saint Serena. 477.

Serena did not originate from Spain.
It is more likely that Serena originated from Illyricum than from Spain.

5. The marriage of Diocletian and Serena, as well as the History of St. Susanna, is vindicated by the arguments presented. 480.

Arguments taken from Lactantius, with which both are attacked.
The Baluzian argument is dissolved, and Lactantius is reconciled with the Augustal marriage of St. Serena and with the Acts of St. Susanna.
Our interpretation is very much in line with Lactantius’ way of speaking.
The same explanation is based on the example and authority of Lacttantius’ interpreters.
Our interpretation is confirmed by the example of ancient authors, such as Lactantius and the authority of the aqualia.
The interpretation of Lactantius, used by his adversaries, diminishes and weakens the authority of sacred antiquity.
It is an insult to prefer the authority of the Lactantian Code to the Martyrologies and Acts of St. Susanna.
Another way to dilute the proposed argument.
Some other obstacles are removed that could be placed on Serena’s wedding.

6. On the death, burial, and relics of St. Serena. 499.

Notes on Serena

Serena has since been removed from the Roman Martyrology given the lack of sources that mention here.
only mentioned in passing in the acts of Artemia and the acts of Pope Marcellus
Lactantius States in De mortibus persecutorum that Diocletian’s wife was named Prisca.

Saint Artemia, Daughter of the Emperor Diocletian, and Serena Augusta, Virgin and Martyr. 501.

1. Testimonies of ancient and modern writers on St. Artemia, daughter of Diocletian, virgin and martyr. 503.

From the Martyrologies.
from ancient and modern writers

2. Acts of St. Marcellus, Pope and martyr, in which the conversion and martyrdom of St. Artemia is described. 506.

Cyriacus and Sisinnius were thrown into prison; the Martyrdom of St. Apronian.
The martyrdom of Sisinnius, Saturninus, Papias, and Maurus.
Artemia and Jobia, royal virgins, freed from the devil by Saint Cyriacus.
The murders of Cyriacus, Crescentianus, Artemias, and others. The constancy of Marcellus.
The piety of St. Lucina. The labors and martyrdom of Marcellus.
Chronological Synopsis.
Appendix: Life of Saint Artemia by Ivan Tomko Mrnavić. Written in Bosnia and printed in Rome in 1631. It exists in that book, to which the title is prefixed by the same author: The Sacredness of Royal Illyrian Sanctity.

3. The Acts of St. Marcellus are vindicated by the Baronial Censors. 515.

That the name of Marcellus should be retained everywhere.
There is no reason why Baronius should deny the story of Cyriacus in Persia, or of Jobia, the daughter of King Saporis, who was freed from a demon by him.
That there are no suppositions, which are mentioned about St. Artemia in the Acts of St. Marcellus.
The name of Maximian, from which Baronius wished to be excommunicated, should not be removed from thenceforth.
In the fourth and last paragraph of the Acts of St. Marcellus, no other person can be understood by the name of Maximian, except Maximianus the Severe.

4. On the Cult of St. Artemia, Virgin and Martyr . 527.

Birth or Martyrdom Day; Place of Sepulchre.
Of the relics of St. Artemia, and the translation of his body, and Roman cult.

Notes on Artemia

Appears in the Bede, Usaurd, and Ado martyrologies.
Acts of Marcellus say she was cured of a demon by St. Cyriacus.
Like Serena, no mention from Pagan writers or Lactantius.

Saint Caius, Dalmatian and citizen of Salona, paternal uncle of Emperor Diocletian, Roman Pontiff and Martyr. 530.

1. The Elogia and Life of St. Caius, Pontiff of the Roman Empire. From Various Writers. 531.

From the Martyrologies.
Acts of S. Caius. From the acts of Saint Sebastian.
From the three Catalogues of the Roman Pontiffs, and from Eusebius of Caesarea.
From the Roman Breviary, Anastasius Bibliothecarius, and Historiae Salonitanae.
From Petrus De Natalibus and Filippo Ferrari.
From Alphonsus Ciacconius.

2. On the Name, the Country, and Pontificate of St. Caius. 538.

On the first name of Caius, and its various and multiple ways of writing.
On the Homeland of St. Caius.
On the Pontificate of Saint Caius.

3. On the Martyrdom of St. Caius. 544.

On the Kind of Martyrdom.
On the Cause of Death, or Martyrdom.
Of the place of martyrdom, or his departure from this life.

4. On the Discovery of the Body of St. Caius and His Relics. 548.

About the first doubtful and uncertain discovery.
Of the second discovery of St. Caius, and that it is certain and confirmed by the testimony of many.
Notes on section 2.
On the cities and basilicas which boast of the body of St. Caius being enshrined in them.
Where the body of St. Caius is now preserved.

5. On the Cult of Saint Caius, Roman Pontiff and Martyr. 557.

On the feast days of St. Caius.
Of the remaining three days consecrated to the name of Caius.
On the cult of St. Caius, Pope and martyr, in the city.
On the cult of Pope St Caius in Dalmatia.

Notes on Caius

Mentioned by Eusebius, but he does not call him a relative of Diocletian, nor do the early martyrologies. The reference seems to come from the acts of Susanna.

Saint Gabinus, Presbyter and Martyr. A citizen of Salona, the parent of St. Susanna, the brother of St. Caius, the Roman Pontiff, and the paternal uncle of the Emperor Diocletian. 565.

1. The Elogia and Life of St. Gabinus, Presbyter and Martyr. 566.

From the Martyrologies.
The life of Saint Gabinus, compiled into an Epitome from the Acts of St. Susanna. From Petrus De Natalibus, Bishop of Equilinus.

2. The Martyrdom of St. Gabinus. 568.

On the Nature of Martyrdom.
On the Year of the Martyrdom.
On the birthday of St. Gabinius, or on the day of his martyrdom.

3. On the Body and Burial of St. Gabinus. 570.

The body of St. Gabinius is still in the temple of St. Susanna in Rome, and other cities falsely boast of his possession.
St. Gabinus the Martyr, whose body is buried in the Vatican Basilica, is far different from St. Gabinius, priest and martyr, father of St. Susanna.

Notes on Gabinus

primary source is from the Acts of Susanna. He is called the father of Susanna and the brother of Caius.
Mentioned by Bede and Ado as the father of Susanna, omitted by Usuard.

St. Susanna, Virgin and Martyr. Born in Dalmatia. Daughter of Gabinus, Presbyter and Martyr. 574.

1. Of Susanna the Virgin and Martyr, and her marriage decreed by Maximian. 576.

From the Martyologies.
Notes on the martyologies.

2. Acts of St. Susanna, Virgin and Martyr, From the ancient Codices. 578.

The family, character, education, and purpose of preserving her virginity of St. Susanna. The conversion of her cousin Claudius to Christ.
Claudius Clarissius, his wife Praepedigna, Alexander and Cuthia are baptized.
Maximus, Count of Private Affairs, the brother of Claudius, was converted to the worship of Christ. Both, along with Praepedigna, Alexander and Cuthia, were killed for Christ, and Gabinius and Susanna were thrown into prison.
Susanna’s constancy and martyrdom in rejecting Maximian’s marriage. From the Codex Fulda of the Bollandian Museum.
Epitome of the Acts of St. Susanna. From Petrus, Bishop of Equilinus.

3. Of the Homeland and Birth of Susanna, and the Augustan Marriages offered to her.. 587.

Where and in what year.
The marriage of Susanna was not decreed to Maximianus Galerius.
Saint Susanna was destined to be the wife of Maximianus Herculius.
The arguments that can be raised against our opinion are refuted.

4. On the Martyrdom of St. Susanna. 594.

The year of the martyrdom.
The month and day of the martyrdom.

5. Of the sacred places Susanna’s relics are ennobled. 597.

Alexander’s Cemetery
The Chapel in the House of St. Serena.
The house of St. Gabinus.
The Confession of St. Susanna.
The Title of St. Susanna.
From the Station to St. Susanna.
The devotion and generosity of the Roman Pontiffs and Cardinals towards the church of St. Susanna, and their care for either decorating or renovating it.
On the ancient iconography of the temple of St. Susanna.

Notes on Susanna

Her acts are the primary source for the other legendary relatives.
Diocletian asks Gabinus to have Susanna marry his pagan son Maximus. She refuses and is martyred.

Of the Holy Martyrs of Salona, of the Stock and Lineage of the Emperor Diocletian: Claudius, Praepedigna, Alexander, Cuthia, and Maximus. 609.

1. The Elogia and Life of St. Claudius and His Companions. 609.

From the martyrologies and hagiographies.
Acts of the Saints of the Five Martyrs, compiled into an Epitome: From Philippo Ferrario in the Catalog of the Saints of Italy.

2. Some small questions, or observations on the Acts of the Saints. 611.

Of the country, names, functions, or magistrates.
The year of the conversion and Martyrdom of Claudius and his associates.
On the kind and place of martyrdom, on the number and order of martyrs

Notes on Claudius and his companions

Mentioned in martyrologies, they make a short appearance in the Acts of Susanna.

Index of Memorable Things and Words. 618.

Appendix: Marble of Salona by Francisco Antonio Zacharia.

Notes on Marble of Salona

an extensive collection of marble inscriptions found in Salona.

Diocletian Family Legends

Sun, 08 Jun 2025 10:44:25 -0700

This is part 15 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Volume II of the Illyricum Sacrum concludes with a series of hagiographies I call the Diocletian Family Legends. These hagiographies claim that relatives of diocletian were converted to Christianity and martyred for their faith. The names of these saints appear in early martyrologies, but the association with Diocletian is a late addition. Some of these saints which appeared on official martyologies in Farlati’s time have since been removed for lack of historical evidence.

Destruction of Salona

Sun, 11 May 2025 19:00:31 -0700

This is part 14 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Salona fell sometime in the early 7th century AD. The descriptions of its fall are rather late, but two events help place it in the first half of the century: A letter from Gregory the Great in 600 A.D. and Pope John IV’s rescue of captives in 641 A.D.

Gregory the Great’s letter to Maximus, Bishop of Salona, states that he is aware of the danger that the Slavs are posing, and that they are beginning to Enter Italy through Istria. The catalogues of Bishops list two more bishops after Maximus: Frontianus III and Theodore III, but nothing is remembered of how long they held their position or when they died. Farlati believes that Theodore would have been bishop during the destruction of Salona.

Maximus

Fri, 18 Apr 2025 23:45:03 -0700

This is part 13 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Natalis died around 593 AD. The archdeacon Honoratus was elected to replace him, but resigned due to the growing political pressure from another bishop named Malchus. John the Deacon writes in Vita Gregorii that Maximus bribed soldiers in order to ensure he would win the election.

Maximus was the subject of 18 letters written by Gregory the Great over the course of six years. Maximus did not seek consicration from him, instead choosing to go to constantinople. Gregory wrote to the bishops of Dalmatia instructing them not to commune with him.

Natalis of Salona

Sat, 12 Apr 2025 14:18:23 -0700

This is part 12 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Natalis became Bishop of Salona in 580 AD. He is remembered for a series of letters that Gregory the Great wrote to him. Gregory admonished him for his wordly life style and for unfairly deposing an two individuals, Honoratus and Florentinus.

Thomas the Archdeacon summarized the dispute with Honratus in his 11th century work Historiae Salonitanae. Natalis was a Salonan native who chose feasts and banquets with friends and relatives over service to the church. He also took money from the church treasury to give to friends.

First and Second Councils of Salona

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 16:33:41 -0700

This is part 11 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

The first and second councils of Salona were said to have taken place in 530 and 533 AD, when Honorius III was Bishop of Salona.

The primary source Farlati refers to is the MS. Bibliothecae Barbarinianae, a longer manuscript of Thomas the Archdeacon’s Historiae Salonitana. Johannes Lucius had originally doubted the reliability of the longer version, but Farlati accepts it as authentic. More recently, Vadim Prozorov has reviewed the councils and determined them in harmony with other contemporary councilar laws¹.

Honorius II, Januarius, and Stephanus

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 19:51:41 -0700

This is part 10 in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Honorius II.

The Roman Catalog reports a 13 year gap after the death of Glycerius. Honorius II became Bishop of Salona around 493 AD.

Two letters from Pope Gelasius are preserved. Galesius wrote to Honorius because he had heard the Pelagian heresy was spreading in Dalmatia.

The following two letters are taken from Minge’s Patrologia Latina.

First letter from Gelasius to Honorius II.

Dilectissimo Fratri Honorio Gelasius
Licet inter varias temporum difficultates continuis occupationibus implicati, vix respirare valeamus; pro sedis tamen apostolicae moderamine totius ovilis dominici curam sine cessatione tractantes, quae beato Petro Salvatoris ipsius nostri voce delegata est: Et tu conversus confirma fratres tuos (Luc. XXII). Et item: Petre, amas me? Pasce oves meas (Joan. XXI). Dissimulare nec possumus nec debemus, quae nostram sollicitudinem forma perstringat, cum beato Paulo apostolo sentientes atque dicentes: Quis infirmatur, et ego non infirmor? Quis scandalizatur, et ego non uror (II Cor. XI)? Ita quippe nos repente tristis, horrenda et vix credibilis confecit opinio, ut mentem nostram confunderet, sauciaret, affligeret. Nuntiatum nobis est enim in regionibus Dalmatiarum, quosdam recidiva Pelagianae pestis zizania seminasse, tantumque illic eorum praevalere blasphemiam, ut simplices quosque mortiferi furoris insinuatione decipiant. Est quidem error ipse nefarius tanto perniciosor ad subripiendum, quanto ad fallendum verisimilitudinis colore versutior: praestante Domino, adest fidei catholicae pura veritas, concordibus universorum Patrum deprompta sententiis, quae et subtile virus funestae pravitatis exponat, et humano generi salvando conferat de Scripturarum confectione medicinam. Nullatenus igitur discretionem rerum nondum abundantia corda conturbet, donec et occultum vulnus appareat, et salvatio singularis eluceat: quoniam quantalibet arte fallaciae spiritus perditionis armetur, sancto gladio Spiritus principalis et detegitur et necatur. Quapropter per dilectionem tuam cunctos ibidem Domini sacerdotes fraterno commonemus affectu; ut qui cum erudiente vos Domino contra novitios pugnetis errores, olim perversitatem toto orbe damnatam nec ipsos recipere debeatis, aut quod temere putatur, esse faciendum; quae non haeresis majoribus nostris convenienter exstincta rursus provocare nos audeat, et palam novis resumptis viribus aperteque confligat. Nunquidnam licet nobis a venerandis Patribus damnata dissolvere, et ab illis excisa nefaria dogmata retractare? Quid est ergo quod magnopere praecavemus, ne cujuslibet haeresis semel dejecta pernicies ad examen denuo venire contendat? Si quae antiquitus a nostris majoribus cognita, discussa, refutata sunt, restauranda nitamur; nonne ipsi nos, quod absit, et quod nunquam catholica patietur Ecclesia, adversariis veritatis universis contra nos resurgendi proponimus exemplum? Ubi est quod scriptum est: Terminos patrum tuorum non transgredieris (Deut. XXXII); et: Interroga patres tuos, et annuntiabunt tibi; et seniores tuos, et dicent tibi? Quid ergo tendimus ultra definita majorum, aut cur nobis non sufficit? Si quid ignorantes discere cupiamus, qualiter ab orthodoxis Patribus et senioribus singula quaeque vel vitanda praecepta sunt, vel aptanda catholicae veritati; cur non his probantur esse decreta? Nunquid aut sapientiores illis sumus, aut poterimus firma stabilitate constare, si ea quae ab illis constituta sunt subruamus? An fortasse nescitis hanc haeresim de qua loquimur, et ab apostolica dudum sede per beatae memoriae Innocentium, ac deinde Zosimum, Bonifacium, Coelestinum, Sixtum, Leonem, continuis et incessabilibus sententiis fuisse prostratam; nec tantum Ecclesiae catholicae legibus, sed principum quoque Romanorum eo tenore damnatam, ut nec usquam terrarum vivendi locum sectatores ejus habere sinerentur? Quae omnia tam gestis Ecclesiae per singulas quasque regiones de eorum pravitate confectis, quam censurae publicae sanctionibus edocentur. Ecce quorumlibet aures catholicas audire doctrinam quaestiones accipere, tractare tendiculas, et blasphemias patienter admittere. O si studerent adversus eos majorum nostrorum libros responsaque cognoscere, illic modis omnibus cerneretur, nihil esse prorsus, quod non et ab istis fuerit ventilatum, et ab illis magnifica veritate contritum. Sicque de cunctis eorum nequitiis refutandis fideles quique redderentur instructi, ut nihil amplius quaereretur. Sed si forsitan ineruditos animos quaedam de eorum sensibus proposita commoverent, ita venerabilium Patrum doctrinis et omnis eorum publicatur insania, et quibus remediis curetur, ostenditur, ut ex his Deo praestante praevisis, cuncta quae de eorum serie texuerunt, et periculosa sectantibus et stulta deprehendentibus esse videantur; ita ut si quis existimet reluctandum, non tamen veterum sententiis contradictor existat, sed humanae saluti, catholicaeque doctrinae palam se a perteque profiteatur inimicum; quo magis attentius pervigil cura pastorum a sacris gregibus luporum debet arcere saevitiam. Num quidquid ovibus sanctis acciderit detrimenti, praesulum (quod absit) damnet incuriam; sicut a regeneratis agminibus nocentium depulsio bestiarum custodum praemiis perpetuum procuravit augmentum? Certe si, ut magis optamus, falsis haec rumoribus sint relata, quantocius desideramus agnoscere, ut qui membrorum Christi vexatione trepidamus, multo magis de eorum stabilitate laetemur. Data V kalendas Augusti, a Fausto [ al. Albino] V. C. consule (anno Christi 493).

Glycerius

Sat, 15 Feb 2025 16:54:06 -0800

This is part nine in a series on Daniel Farlatis Illyricum Sacrum.

Before becoming Bishop of Salona, Glycerius was emperor of the Western Roman Empire. In June 474, a little over a year in to his reign, Julius Nepos deposed him and consecrated him as bishop of Salona. This was not the first time an Emperor had been deposed and made bishop. 30 years prior, Avitus was defeated in battle by Ricimer and was made bishop of Piacenza. The Deposition of Glycerius was documented by 6th century writers Marcellinus Comes, Jordanes, and Evagrius Scholasticus. Little is known about his short reign. He receives a favorable mention by Ennodius in his work on the life of Epiphanius of Pavia.

Hesychius of Solana

Sat, 25 Jan 2025 22:36:42 -0800

This is part eight in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum.

Hesychius became bishop of Salona around 405 AD. He is most remembered for the letters he sent and received from his contemporaries: John Chrysostom, Augustine of Hippo, and Pope Zosimus.

Letter from John chrysostom
Letter from Pope Zoesimus
Letter to Augustine
Life of Clement

Letter from John Chrysostom

A short letter from John Chrysostom sent after his exile. Epistle 183.

Esti magno itineris intervallo a reverentia tua disjungimur, et ad extremos usque orbis terrarum fines relegati sumus; tamen levi charitatis penna utentes, quae faciles reddit huiusmodi peregrinationes, et propinqui fumus tibi, et tecum versamur, ac debitam per litteras salutationem persolvimus; teque hortamur, ut ad juvandas orientis ecclesias conveniens studium adhibeas. Scis enim, quanta fit parata merces ei, qui divexatis ecclesiis manum porrexerit, et tantam procellam in tranquillitatem converterit, ac bellum adeo grave restinxerit. Atque ad haec vos hortamur, non quasi admonitione nostra indigtatis; siquidem antequam hostras litteras accepissetis, quae vestri muneris erant, ipsi praestitistis; sed quia nondum sublata sunt mala, sed adhuc vigent, et urgent; oramus vos, ut ne animo concidatis, neque malis cedatis, sed quamdiu manent ulcera, quibus cclesiae corpus affligitur, vestra medicamenta adhibeatis. Quanto enim pluribus cum laboribus res geruntur, tanto vobis amplior etimam merces constituetur.

Illyricum Sacrum Volume 1: Table of Contents

Sun, 22 Dec 2024 17:02:36 -0800

Having written about the parts I found interesting in Volume 1 of Illyricum Sacrum, I provide here a translation of the table of contents, along with my notes, for anyone who may be interested in further exploring this volume.

Dedication and Preface

Dedication to Pope Benedict XIV.
Preface to Pacifico Bizza.

notes on the dedication and preface:

Benedict XIV: Pope from 1740-1758.
Pacifico Bizza: Archbishop of Split from 1746-1756.

Prolegomenon Part 1.

Of Illyrica

1. On the Pelasgians, founders of the Illyrian nation 1

On the origin of the name and race of the Illyrians.
The original and proper boundaries of Illyricum.
The first spread of Illyricum. The destruction of the kingdom of Hyllus, his Successors.

Notes on the Illyrians.

Early Illyrian references:

Anastasius the Fuller

Sun, 22 Dec 2024 11:58:54 -0800

This is part seven in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum: Volume 1.

Anastasius the Fuller is the last saint discussed in Volume 1. He is still remembered in Split with an altar in the Cathedral of saint Domnius. Farlati publishes 3 versions of his acts.

from a manuscript found in the monastery of Mont-Saint-Michel, France.
from a manuscript from the library of Apostolo Zeno.
from a slavonic manuscript, otherwise unknown.

The acts are short. Anastasius, a fuller by trade who lived in Aquila, feels called to travel to Salona during the diocletian persecution. Unashamed of his Christian faith, he paints a cross in to the door of his residence. The city officials seeing this have Anastasius flogged, tie a stone around his neck and throw him in to the sea.

Donatus

Thu, 19 Dec 2024 20:18:30 -0800

This is Part six in a series on Daniel Farlati’s Illyricum Sacrum: Volume 1.

The acts of Donatus are found in a manuscript in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana collection¹. A latin translation was made by Daniel Cardonus and published in the Acta Sanctorum². No other mentions of this Donatus are found, and the historical accuracy of events is highly questionable. The manuscript seems to have been composed in Dalmatia, it’s prologue making direct mention of Salona. Farlati includes them in Illyricum Sacrum as they mention Donatus traveling to Salona and living on the nearby mountain.

George of Salona

Sun, 15 Dec 2024 20:26:36 -0800

This is part five in a series on Daniel Farleti’s Illyricum Sacrum: Volume 1.

Farlati lists George (lt. Georgius) as 17th on the list of bishops of Salona. Like most of the early bishops of Salona, there is little memory of him. Farlati Attributes these forgotten bishops to the sacking of Salona by the slavs in the 7th century. He believes that George was forgotten in Salona but remembered elsewhere. Over time, his acts became intermixed with the megalomartyr George. Conveniently, he gives a late 3rd century date for George of Salona so he can extract what he believes where originally acts of the Solanan George from the acts of the megalomartyr.

Agapitus and Anastasius

Sat, 07 Dec 2024 22:50:50 -0800

This is part four in a series on Daniel Farleti’s Illyricum Sacrum: Volume 1.

Agapitus, also called Amabilis, is 15th on the list of Solanan bishops. He is remembered together with Anastasius, who was said to have converted to Christianity after witnessing Agapitus face persecution. Their lives are dated to the reign of emperor Aurelian in the late third century.

As recorded in the Martyrology of Ado:

In civitate Salona natalis Anastasii Martyris, qui cum videret B. Agapitum inter tormenta fortiter Christum consitentem, exclamavit, Magnus est Deus Christianorum, et non est alius preter eum.

Venantius of Salona

Thu, 31 Oct 2024 18:48:30 -0700

This is part three in a series on Daniel Farleti’s Illyricum Sacrum: Volume 1.

Venantius appears sixth on the list of bishops of Salona. Between Domnius and Venantius are four bishops of which little is known about. The first two are Cajunus¹ and Symphoranius, listed as successors to Domnius In the version of the acts of Domnius found in the collection of Šimun Kožičić Benja. This version of the acts state Clement of Rome personally traveled to Salona and appointed them. They were followed by Hesychius I² and Hesychius II, and Venantius.

Saint Domnius: The First Bishop of Salona

Thu, 19 Sep 2024 20:30:06 -0700

This is part two in a series on Daniel Farleti’s Illyricum Sacrum: Volume 1.

Domnius is traditionally held to be the first bishop of Salona, near modern day Solin, Croatia. Farlati provides an early reference to Domnius found in the Hieronymiaus Martyrology

In Salona Dalmatia a Domionis episcopi & militam Dalmati

He provides a second, more controversial reference purporting to be from Hesychius, a 5th century Bishop of Salona, in a work titled Vita S. Clementis¹

Illyricum Sacrum

Tue, 17 Sep 2024 19:42:30 -0700

Illyricum Sacrum is the result of a lifelong effort by the Italian priest Filippo Riceputi to document as many sources on the history of the church in the Balkan region and former Roman province of Illyricum. It spans 8 volumes which were compiled and published after his death by Daniele Farlati.

Volume 1

Volume 1 focuses on the historical region of Illyricum. The history of the church at Salona, A former Dalmatian city located near present day Solin, Croatia, is discussed from the 1st to 4th century BC. I provide a translation of the table of contents, along with some posts on the various saints discussed.

Illyricum Sacrum Volume 1: introduction

Tue, 17 Sep 2024 19:42:30 -0700

The introduction(Prolegomenon) to Volume 1 of Illyricum Sacrum consists of three parts: A history of the region of Illyricum, a history of the region of Dalmatia, and a history of the origins of the Church in these regions.

Farlati pours through ancient Greek and Roman sources for every reference to Illyria and Dalmatia he can find. Pomponius Mela, Strabo, Polybius, Appian of Alexandria, and Livy are all quoted generously. After exhausting the ancient writers, he turns to more recent publications. Johannes Lucius’ 17th century work on the history of Dalmatia, De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, and Johann Ludwig Schönleben(Ludovicus Schonlebius) who wrote Carniola antiqua et nova, a history of the region today known as Slovenia. One of the more obscure references cited is Francesco Maria Mezzabarba (mediobarbi), who wrote a 17th century work Imperatorum Romanorum Numismata, cataloguing Roman Coins, some of which included inscriptions of Illyria on them.

Latin

Tue, 17 Sep 2024 19:42:30 -0700

Here is a catalogue of the Latin works I’ve been writing about.

Illyricum Sacrum: an 8 volume work on the history of church in former Roman province of Illyricum.

Carmen Miserabile: Roger of Torre Maggiore’s first hand account of the Mongol Invasion of Hungary.

Oratio Habita in Prima Sessione Lateranensis Concilii: A speech given by Bernard Zanne at the Fifth Lateran Council in 1512.